Improve ad campaigns with PPS
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You can send audience and contextual data as
publisher provided signals
(PPS) in ad requests. With PPS, you can use your user data to improve
programmatic monetization by communicating your audience characteristics to
bidders in all
transaction types, using
standard taxonomies, without the need to share user identifiers. Your audience
characteristics can include behavioral and interest-based data (
IAB Audience Taxonomy 1.1), and
contextual data (
IAB Content Taxonomy 2.2).
You can also send publisher provided structured signals, which are defined by
Google, and allow for additional signals to be sent.
Construct the user signals JSON
At the top level, create a JSON object with a single key-value pair. The key
should be PublisherProvidedTaxonomySignals
, and its value should be an array
of objects. Each object in the array should have 2 key-value pairs:
The taxonomy
key, which accepts the following values that are mapped to
following IAB public specifications:
IAB_AUDIENCE_1_1
for Audience Taxonomy 1.1
IAB_CONTENT_2_2
for Content Taxonomy 2.2
The values
key with a corresponding array of string taxonomy values.
Construct the structured signals array
For structured signals, add the PublisherProvidedStructuredSignals
key with a
value of an array of objects. Construct the object based on the following list
of signal key-values:
Toggle view of structured signals table
Signal |
"type" Value |
Possible "single_value" Values |
Possible "values" Values |
Audio Feed Type |
"audio_feed" |
"af_1" : Music
"af_2" : Broadcast
"af_3" : Podcast
|
n/a |
Content Rating |
"content_rating" |
"cr_1" : G
"cr_2" : PG
"cr_3" : T
"cr_4" : MA
|
n/a |
Content Delivery |
"delivery" |
n/a |
"cd_1" : Streaming
"cd_2" : Progressive
"cd_3" : Download
|
Production Quality |
"prodq" |
"pq_1" : Professionally Produced
"pq_2" : Prosumer
"pq_3" : User Generated (UGC)
|
n/a |
See the following example that uses the IAB_AUDIENCE_1_1
and IAB_CONTENT_2_2
for taxonomy signals and includes structured signals.
const userSignals = {
"PublisherProvidedTaxonomySignals": [{
"taxonomy": "IAB_AUDIENCE_1_1",
"values": ["6", "284"]
// '6' = 'Demographic | Age Range | 30-34'
// '284' = 'Interest | Business and Finance | Mergers and Acquisitions'
},
{
"taxonomy": "IAB_CONTENT_2_2",
"values": ["49", "138"]
// '49' = 'Books and Literature | Poetry'
// '138' = 'Education | College Education | College Planning'
}],
"PublisherProvidedStructuredSignals": [{
"type": "audio_feed",
"single_value": "af_1",
},
{
"type": "delivery",
"values": ["cd_1", "cd_3"],
},
],
};
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Last updated 2025-08-20 UTC.
[null,null,["Last updated 2025-08-20 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003ePublisher provided signals (PPS) let you share audience and contextual data with bidders to improve programmatic ad monetization.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003ePPS uses standard IAB taxonomies like Audience Taxonomy 1.1 and Content Taxonomy 2.2 to categorize user data, without sharing user identifiers.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can construct JSON objects to represent user signals, including both taxonomy and structured signals like content rating and delivery method.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo send PPS, create a JSON string with user data, Base64-encode it, and add it to your ad request using \u003ccode\u003eadTagParameters\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],["Publishers can enhance programmatic monetization by sending audience and contextual data (Publisher Provided Signals - PPS) in ad requests using IAB taxonomies. This data, including behavioral and interest-based information (Audience Taxonomy 1.1) and contextual data (Content Taxonomy 2.2), is communicated to bidders without user identifiers. PPS includes two main components: taxonomy signals, categorized by `IAB_AUDIENCE_1_1` or `IAB_CONTENT_2_2`, and structured signals, categorized by values such as audio feed type, content rating, content delivery, and production quality.\n"],null,["# Improve ad campaigns with PPS\n\nYou can send audience and contextual data as\n[publisher provided signals](//support.google.com/admanager/answer/12451124)\n(PPS) in ad requests. With PPS, you can use your user data to improve\nprogrammatic monetization by communicating your audience characteristics to\nbidders in all\n[transaction types](//support.google.com/admanager/answer/2805834), using\nstandard taxonomies, without the need to share user identifiers. Your audience\ncharacteristics can include behavioral and interest-based data (\n[IAB Audience Taxonomy 1.1](//iabtechlab.com/standards/audience-taxonomy/)), and\ncontextual data (\n[IAB Content Taxonomy 2.2](https://iabtechlab.com/standards/content-taxonomy/)).\nYou can also send publisher provided structured signals, which are defined by\nGoogle, and allow for additional signals to be sent.\n\nConstruct the user signals JSON\n-------------------------------\n\nAt the top level, create a JSON object with a single key-value pair. The key\nshould be `PublisherProvidedTaxonomySignals`, and its value should be an array\nof objects. Each object in the array should have 2 key-value pairs:\n\n- The `taxonomy` key, which accepts the following values that are mapped to\n following IAB public specifications:\n\n - `IAB_AUDIENCE_1_1` for Audience Taxonomy 1.1\n - `IAB_CONTENT_2_2` for Content Taxonomy 2.2\n- The `values` key with a corresponding array of string taxonomy values.\n\n### Construct the structured signals array\n\nFor structured signals, add the `PublisherProvidedStructuredSignals` key with a\nvalue of an array of objects. Construct the object based on the following list\nof signal key-values: \n\n#### Toggle view of structured signals table\n\n| Signal | \"type\" Value | Possible `\"single_value\"` Values | Possible `\"values\"` Values |\n|--------------------|--------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| Audio Feed Type | `\"audio_feed\"` | - `\"af_1\"`: Music - `\"af_2\"`: Broadcast - `\"af_3\"`: Podcast | n/a |\n| Content Rating | `\"content_rating\"` | - `\"cr_1\"`: G - `\"cr_2\"`: PG - `\"cr_3\"`: T - `\"cr_4\"`: MA | n/a |\n| Content Delivery | `\"delivery\"` | n/a | - `\"cd_1\"`: Streaming - `\"cd_2\"`: Progressive - `\"cd_3\"`: Download |\n| Production Quality | `\"prodq\"` | - `\"pq_1\"`: Professionally Produced - `\"pq_2\"`: Prosumer - `\"pq_3\"`: User Generated (UGC) | n/a |\n\nSee the following example that uses the `IAB_AUDIENCE_1_1` and `IAB_CONTENT_2_2`\nfor taxonomy signals and includes structured signals. \n\n const userSignals = {\n \"PublisherProvidedTaxonomySignals\": [{\n \"taxonomy\": \"IAB_AUDIENCE_1_1\",\n \"values\": [\"6\", \"284\"]\n // '6' = 'Demographic | Age Range | 30-34'\n // '284' = 'Interest | Business and Finance | Mergers and Acquisitions'\n },\n {\n \"taxonomy\": \"IAB_CONTENT_2_2\",\n \"values\": [\"49\", \"138\"]\n // '49' = 'Books and Literature | Poetry'\n // '138' = 'Education | College Education | College Planning'\n }],\n \"PublisherProvidedStructuredSignals\": [{\n \"type\": \"audio_feed\",\n \"single_value\": \"af_1\",\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"delivery\",\n \"values\": [\"cd_1\", \"cd_3\"],\n },\n ],\n };"]]