使用 Protobuf 类型

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由于 Google Ads API 使用 Protobuf 作为其默认有效负载格式, 来了解一些使用 API 时的 Protobuf 规范和类型。

可选字段

Google Ads API 中的许多字段被标记为 optional。这样,您就可以 区分字段值为空的情况和 未发回 字段的值。这些字段的行为 字段,不过,它们还提供了一些额外的方法来清除字段和 检查该字段是否已设置。

例如,Campaign 对象的 Name 字段被标记为可选。 因此,您可以使用以下方法来处理此字段。

// Get the name.
string name = campaign.Name;

// Set the name.
campaign.Name = name;

// Check if the campaign object has the name field set.
bool hasName = campaign.HasName();

// Clear the name field. Use this method to exclude Name field from
// being sent to the server in a subsequent API call.
campaign.ClearName();

// Set the campaign to empty string value. This value will be
// sent to the server if you use this object in a subsequent API call.
campaign.Name = "";

// This will throw a runtime error. Use ClearName() instead.
campaign.Name = null;

重复的类型

字段数组在 Google Ads API 中表示为只读 RepeatedField

例如,广告系列的 url_custom_parameters 字段就是重复字段, 因此它在 .NET 中表示为只读 RepeatedField<CustomParameter> 客户端库。

RepeatedField 会实现 IList<T> 界面。

填充 RepeatedField 字段有两种方法。

旧版 C#:使用 AddRange 方法添加值

相关示例如下。

Campaign campaign = new Campaign()
{
    ResourceName = ResourceNames.Campaign(customerId, campaignId),
    Status = CampaignStatus.Paused,
};

// Add values to UrlCustomParameters using AddRange method.
campaign.UrlCustomParameters.AddRange(new CustomParameter[]
{
    new CustomParameter { Key = "season", Value = "christmas" },
    new CustomParameter { Key = "promocode", Value = "NY123" }
});

较新的 C# 版本:使用集合初始化程序语法

// Option 1: Initialize the field directly.
Campaign campaign = new Campaign()
{
    ResourceName = ResourceNames.Campaign(customerId, campaignId),
    Status = CampaignStatus.Paused,
    // Directly initialize the field.
    UrlCustomParameters =
    {
        new CustomParameter { Key = "season", Value = "christmas" },
        new CustomParameter { Key = "promocode", Value = "NY123" }
    }
};

// Option 2: Initialize using an intermediate variable.
CustomParameter[] parameters = new CustomParameter[]
{
    new CustomParameter { Key = "season", Value = "christmas" },
    new CustomParameter { Key = "promocode", Value = "NY123" }
}

Campaign campaign1 = new Campaign()
{
    ResourceName = ResourceNames.Campaign(customerId, campaignId),
    Status = CampaignStatus.Paused,
    // Initialize from an existing array.
    UrlCustomParameters = { parameters }
};

类型之一

Google Ads API 中的某些字段标记为 OneOf 字段,这意味着 可以保存不同的类型,但一次只能有一个值。其中一个字段是 类似于 C 语言中的 union 类型。

.NET 库通过为每种类型提供一个属性来实现 OneOf 字段 可以保存在 OneOf 字段中的值,并且所有用于更新 共享课程字段。

例如,广告系列的 campaign_bidding_strategy 被标记为 OneOf 字段。此类的实现方式如下(为简洁起见而进行了简化的代码):

public sealed partial class Campaign : pb::IMessage<Campaign>
{
    object campaignBiddingStrategy_ = null;
    CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase campaignBiddingStrategyCase_;

    public ManualCpc ManualCpc
    {
        get
        {
            return campaignBiddingStrategyCase_ == CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase.ManualCpc ?
                (ManualCpc) campaignBiddingStrategy_ : null;
        }
        set
        {
            campaignBiddingStrategy_ = value;
            campaignBiddingStrategyCase_ = CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase.ManualCpc;
        }
    }

    public ManualCpm ManualCpm
    {
        get
        {
            return campaignBiddingStrategyCase_ == CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase.ManualCpm ?
                (ManualCpm) campaignBiddingStrategy_ : null;
        }
        set
        {
            campaignBiddingStrategy_ = value;
            campaignBiddingStrategyCase_ = CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase.ManualCpm;
        }
    }

    public CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase CampaignBiddingStrategyCase
    {
        get { return campaignBiddingStrategyCase_; }
    }
}

由于 OneOf 资源共享存储空间,因此一次分配可以覆盖之前的分配 轻微错误。例如,

Campaign campaign = new Campaign()
{
    ManualCpc = new ManualCpc()
    {
        EnhancedCpcEnabled = true
    },
    ManualCpm = new ManualCpm()
    {

    }
};

在本例中,campaign.ManualCpc 现在null 自初始化 campaign.ManualCpm 字段覆盖之前的初始化, campaign.ManualCpc

转换为其他格式

您可以轻松将 protobuf 对象转换为 JSON 格式,反之亦然。这是 在构建需要与其他系统交互的系统时, 需要 JSON 或 XML 等文本格式的数据。

GoogleAdsRow row = new GoogleAdsRow()
{
    Campaign = new Campaign()
    {
        Id = 123,
        Name = "Campaign 1",
        ResourceName = ResourceNames.Campaign(1234567890, 123)
    }
};
// Serialize to JSON and back.
string json = JsonFormatter.Default.Format(row);
row = GoogleAdsRow.Parser.ParseJson(json);

您还可以将对象序列化为字节,然后再返回。二进制序列化更强大 内存和存储效率高于 JSON 格式。

GoogleAdsRow row = new GoogleAdsRow()
{
    Campaign = new Campaign()
    {
        Id = 123,
        Name = "Campaign 1",
        ResourceName = ResourceNames.Campaign(1234567890, 123)
    }
};
// Serialize to bytes and back.
byte[] bytes = row.ToByteArray();
row = GoogleAdsRow.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);