将 Google 帐号关联至 OAuth

账号关联采用行业标准 OAuth 2.0 隐式和授权代码流程。

适用于代理的 OAuth 2.1 和 PKCE

对于无状态 AI 代理和多模态流水线，建议强制执行 OAuth 2.1。

  • PKCE（用于代码交换的证明密钥）：必须用于保护授权代码流程，防止拦截攻击。
  • 无隐式流程：隐式流程会在网址中公开访问令牌，这对于代理环境而言是一种安全风险。

您的服务必须支持符合 OAuth 2.0/2.1 标准的授权和令牌交换端点。

In the implicit flow, Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. After successful sign in, you return a long-lived access token to Google. This access token is now included in every request sent from Google.

In the authorization code flow, you need two endpoints:

  • The authorization endpoint, which presents the sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in. The authorization endpoint also creates a short-lived authorization code to record users' consent to the requested access.

  • The token exchange endpoint, which is responsible for two types of exchanges:

    1. Exchanges an authorization code for a long-lived refresh token and a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when the user goes through the account linking flow.
    2. Exchanges a long-lived refresh token for a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when Google needs a new access token because the one it had expired.

Choose an OAuth 2.0 flow

Although the implicit flow is simpler to implement, Google recommends that access tokens issued by the implicit flow never expire. This is because the user is forced to link their account again after a token expires with the implicit flow. If you need token expiration for security reasons, we strongly recommend that you use the authorization code flow instead.

Design guidelines

This section describes the design requirements and recommendations for the user screen that you host for OAuth linking flows. After it's called by Google's app, your platform displays a sign in to Google page and account linking consent screen to the user. The user is directed back to Google's app after giving their consent to link accounts.

This figure shows the steps for a user to link their Google account to your authentication system. The first screenshot shows user-initiated linking from your platform. The second image shows user sign-in to Google, while the third shows the user consent and confirmation for linking their Google account with your app. The final screenshot shows a successfully linked user account in the Google app.
Figure 1. Account linking user sign in to Google and consent screens.

Requirements

  1. You must communicate that the user's account will be linked to Google, not a specific Google product like Google Home or Google Assistant.

Recommendations

We recommend that you do the following:

  1. Display Google's Privacy Policy. Include a link to Google's Privacy Policy on the consent screen.

  2. Data to be shared. Use clear and concise language to tell the user what data of theirs Google requires and why.

  3. Clear call-to-action. State a clear call-to-action on your consent screen, such as "Agree and link." This is because users need to understand what data they're required to share with Google to link their accounts.

  4. Ability to cancel. Provide a way for users to go back or cancel, if they choose not to link.

  5. Clear sign-in process. Ensure that users have clear method for signing in to their Google Account, such as fields for their username and password or Sign in with Google.

  6. Ability to unlink. Offer a mechanism for users to unlink, such as a URL to their account settings on your platform. Alternatively, you can include a link to Google Account where users can manage their linked account.

  7. Ability to change user account. Suggest a method for users to switch their account(s). This is especially beneficial if users tend to have multiple accounts.

    • If a user must close the consent screen to switch accounts, send a recoverable error to Google so the user can sign in to the selected account with OAuth linking and the implicit flow.

  8. Include your logo. Display your company logo on the consent screen. Use your style guidelines to place your logo. If you want or need to also display Google's logo, see Logos and trademarks.

创建项目

如需创建项目以使用账号关联，请执行以下操作：

  1. 前往 Google API 控制台。
  2. 点击 Create project 。
  3. 输入名称或接受生成的建议。
  4. 确认或修改任何剩余字段。
  5. 点击创建 。

如需查看项目 ID，请执行以下操作：

  1. 前往 Google API 控制台。
  2. 在着陆页的表格中找到您的项目。项目 ID 会显示在 ID 列中。

Google 账号关联过程包含一个权限请求页面，该页面会告知用户请求访问其数据的应用、应用请求的数据类型以及适用的条款。您需要先配置 OAuth 权限请求页面，然后才能生成 Google API 客户端 ID。

  1. 打开 Google API 控制台的 OAuth 权限请求页面 页面。
  2. 如果系统提示您选择项目，请选择您刚刚创建的项目。

  3. 在“OAuth 权限请求页面”上，填写表单，然后点击“保存”按钮。

    应用名称 ：向用户征求同意的应用的名称。该名称应准确反映您的应用，并且与用户在其他位置看到的应用名称保持一致。应用名称将显示在账号关联权限请求页面上。

    应用徽标：权限请求页面上显示的一张图片，用以让用户认出您的应用。徽标会显示在账号关联权限请求页面和账号设置中

    支持邮箱 ：用户用于针对其同意问题与您联系的邮箱。

    Google API 的范围 ：范围允许您的应用访问用户的私有 Google 数据。对于 Google 账号关联用例，默认范围（邮箱、个人资料、openid）就足够了，您无需添加任何敏感范围。通常，最佳做法是在需要访问权限时逐步请求范围，而不是提前请求。了解详情。

    已获授权的网域 ：为了保护您和您的用户，Google 只允许使用 OAuth 进行身份验证的应用使用已获授权的网域。您应用的链接必须托管在已获授权的网域上。了解详情。

    应用首页链接 ：应用的首页。必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

    应用隐私权政策链接 ：显示在 Google 账号关联权限请求页面上。必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

    应用服务条款链接（可选） ：必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

    图 1. 虚构应用 Tunery 的 Google 账号关联权限请求页面

  4. 查看“验证状态”，如果您的应用需要验证，请点击“提交以进行验证”按钮，提交应用以进行验证。如需了解详情，请参阅 OAuth 验证要求。

实现 OAuth 服务器

验证您的实现

您可以使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground 工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

  1. 点击配置 以打开“OAuth 2.0 配置”窗口。
  2. 在 OAuth flow（OAuth 流程）字段中，选择 Client-side（客户端）。
  3. 在 OAuth Endpoints 字段中，选择 Custom。
  4. 在相应字段中指定您的 OAuth 2.0 端点以及您分配给 Google 的客户端 ID。
  5. 在第 1 步部分中，请勿选择任何 Google 范围。请将此字段留空，或输入适用于您服务器的范围（如果您不使用 OAuth 范围，则输入任意字符串）。完成后，点击 Authorize APIs。
  6. 在第 2 步和第 3 步部分中，完成 OAuth 2.0 流程，并验证每个步骤是否按预期运行。

您可以使用 Google 账号关联演示工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

  1. 点击使用 Google 账号登录按钮。
  2. 选择您要关联的账号。
  3. 输入服务 ID。
  4. （可选）输入您将请求访问的一个或多个范围。
  5. 点击开始演示。
  6. 当系统提示时，请确认您可以同意或拒绝关联请求。
  7. 确认您已重定向到相应平台。