קישור חשבון Google באמצעות OAuth

הקישור בין החשבונות מתבצע באמצעות תהליך קוד ההרשאה של OAuth 2.0, שהוא תקן בתעשייה.

‫OAuth 2.1 ו-PKCE לסוכנים

מומלץ לאכוף את OAuth 2.1 עבור סוכני AI חסרי מצב ופייפליינים מולטי-מודאליים.

• PKCE (מפתח אימות להחלפת קוד): חובה להשתמש בו כדי לאבטח את תהליך הרשאה באמצעות קוד ולמנוע מתקפות יירוט.
• אין זרם הענקת גישה משתמע: זרם הענקת הגישה המשתמע חושף טוקני גישה בכתובת ה-URL, וזה סיכון אבטחה בסביבות של סוכנים.

השירות שלכם צריך לתמוך בנקודות קצה של הרשאה והחלפת טוקנים שתואמות ל-OAuth 2.0/2.1.

创建项目

如需创建项目以使用账号关联，请执行以下操作：

1. 前往 Google API 控制台。
2. 点击 Create project 。
3. 输入名称或接受生成的建议。
4. 确认或修改任何剩余字段。
5. 点击创建 。

如需查看项目 ID，请执行以下操作：

1. 前往 Google API 控制台。
2. 在着陆页的表格中找到您的项目。项目 ID 会显示在 ID 列中。

配置 OAuth 权限请求页面

Google 账号关联过程包含一个权限请求页面，该页面会告知用户请求访问其数据的应用、应用请求的数据类型以及适用的条款。您需要先配置 OAuth 权限请求页面，然后才能生成 Google API 客户端 ID。

1. 打开 Google API 控制台的 OAuth 权限请求页面 页面。
2. 如果系统提示您选择项目，请选择您刚刚创建的项目。

3. 在“OAuth 权限请求页面”上，填写表单，然后点击“保存”按钮。

   应用名称 ：向用户征求同意的应用的名称。该名称应准确反映您的应用，并且与用户在其他位置看到的应用名称保持一致。应用名称将显示在账号关联权限请求页面上。

   应用徽标：权限请求页面上显示的一张图片，用以让用户认出您的应用。徽标会显示在账号关联权限请求页面和账号设置中

   支持邮箱 ：用户用于针对其同意问题与您联系的邮箱。

   Google API 的范围 ：范围允许您的应用访问用户的私有 Google 数据。对于 Google 账号关联用例，默认范围（邮箱、个人资料、openid）就足够了，您无需添加任何敏感范围。通常，最佳做法是在需要访问权限时逐步请求范围，而不是提前请求。了解详情。

   已获授权的网域 ：为了保护您和您的用户，Google 只允许使用 OAuth 进行身份验证的应用使用已获授权的网域。您应用的链接必须托管在已获授权的网域上。了解详情。

   应用首页链接 ：应用的首页。必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

   应用隐私权政策链接 ：显示在 Google 账号关联权限请求页面上。必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

   应用服务条款链接（可选） ：必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

   

   图 1. 虚构应用 Tunery 的 Google 账号关联权限请求页面

4. 查看“验证状态”，如果您的应用需要验证，请点击“提交以进行验证”按钮，提交应用以进行验证。如需了解详情，请参阅 OAuth 验证要求。

הטמעת שרת OAuth

An OAuth 2.0 server implementation of the authorization code flow consists of two endpoints, which your service makes available by HTTPS. The first endpoint is the authorization endpoint, which is responsible for finding or obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access. The second endpoint is the token exchange endpoint, which is used to obtain encrypted strings, called tokens, that authorize a user to access your service.

When a Google application needs to call one of your service's APIs, Google uses these endpoints together to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

Google Account Linking: OAuth Authorization Code Flow

The following sequence diagram details interactions between the User, Google, and your service's endpoints.

Roles and responsibilities

The following table defines the roles and responsibilities of the actors in the Google Account Linking (GAL) OAuth flow. Note that in GAL, Google acts as the OAuth Client, while your service acts as the Identity/Service Provider.

An OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. If the flow started on a voice-only device for an Action, Google transfers the execution to a phone.
2. The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
3. Your service creates an authorization code and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the authorization code attached to the request.
4. Google sends the authorization code to your token exchange endpoint, which verifies the authenticity of the code and returns an access token and a refresh token. The access token is a short-lived token that your service accepts as credentials to access APIs. The refresh token is a long-lived token that Google can store and use to acquire new access tokens when they expire.
5. After the user has completed the account linking flow, every subsequent request sent from Google contains an access token.

Implementation Recipe

Follow these steps to implement the Authorization Code flow.

Step 1: Handle authorization requests

When Google initiates account linking, it redirects the user to your authorization endpoint. For detailed protocol contracts and parameter requirements, see the Authorization Endpoint.

To handle the request, perform the following actions:

1. Validate the request:

   • Confirm that the client_id matches the Client ID assigned to Google.
   • Confirm that the redirect_uri matches the expected Google redirect URL: none https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
   • Verify that response_type is code.

2. Authenticate the user:

   • Check if the user is signed in to your service.
   • If the user is not signed in, prompt them to complete your sign-in or sign-up flow.

3. Generate authorization code:

   • Create a unique, non-guessable authorization code associated with the user and client.
   • Set the code to expire in approximately 10 minutes.

4. Redirect back to Google:

   • Redirect the browser to the URL provided in redirect_uri.
   • Append the following query parameters:
     • code: The authorization code you generated.
     • state: The unmodified state value received from Google.

Step 2: Handle token exchange requests

Your token exchange endpoint processes two types of requests: exchanging codes for tokens, and refreshing expired access tokens. For detailed protocol contracts and parameter requirements, see the Token Exchange Endpoint.

A. Exchange authorization codes for tokens

When Google receives the authorization code, it calls your token exchange endpoint (POST) to retrieve tokens.

1. Validate the request:

   • Verify client_id and client_secret.
   • Verify the authorization code is valid and not expired.
   • Confirm redirect_uri matches the value used in Step 1.
   • If validation fails, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request with {"error": "invalid_grant"}.

2. Issue tokens:

   • Generate a long-lived refresh_token and a short-lived access_token (typically 1 hour).
   • Return an HTTP 200 OK with the standard JSON token response.

B. Refresh access tokens

When the access token expires, Google requests a new one using the refresh token.

1. Validate the request:

   • Verify client_id, client_secret, and refresh_token.
   • If validation fails, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request with {"error": "invalid_grant"}.

2. Issue new access token:

   • Generate a new short-lived access_token.
   • Return an HTTP 200 OK with the JSON token response (optionally including a new refresh token).

Handle userinfo requests

The userinfo endpoint is an OAuth 2.0 protected resource that return claims about the linked user. Implementing and hosting the userinfo endpoint is optional, except for the following use cases:

• Linked Account Sign-In with Google One Tap.
• Frictionless subscription on AndroidTV.

After the access token has been successfully retrieved from your token endpoint, Google sends a request to your userinfo endpoint to retrieve basic profile information about the linked user.

For example, if your userinfo endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/userinfo, a request might look like the following:

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

For your userinfo endpoint to handle requests, do the following steps:

1. Extract access token from the Authorization header and return information for the user associated with the access token.
2. If the access token is invalid, return an HTTP 401 Unauthorized error with using the WWW-Authenticate Response Header. Below is an example of a userinfo error response:

   HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
   error_description="The Access Token expired"
   

   If a 401 Unauthorized, or any other unsuccessful error response is returned during the linking process, the error will be non-recoverable, the retrieved token will be discarded and the user will have to initiate the linking process again.

3. If the access token is valid, return and HTTP 200 response with the following JSON object in the body of the HTTPS response:

   {
   "sub": "USER_UUID",
   "email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
   "given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
   "family_name": "LAST_NAME",
   "name": "FULL_NAME",
   "picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
   }

   If your userinfo endpoint returns an HTTP 200 success response, the retrieved token and claims are registered against the user's Google account.

   userinfo endpoint response
   sub	A unique ID that identifies the user in your system.
   email	Email address of the user.
   given_name	Optional: First name of the user.
   family_name	Optional: Last name of the user.
   name	Optional: Full name of the user.
   picture	Optional: Profile picture of the user.

אימות ההטמעה

您可以使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground 工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

1. 点击配置 settings 以打开“OAuth 2.0 配置”窗口。
2. 在 OAuth flow（OAuth 流程）字段中，选择 Client-side（客户端）。
3. 在 OAuth Endpoints 字段中，选择 Custom。
4. 在相应字段中指定您的 OAuth 2.0 端点以及您分配给 Google 的客户端 ID。
5. 在第 1 步部分中，请勿选择任何 Google 范围。请将此字段留空，或输入适用于您服务器的范围（如果您不使用 OAuth 范围，则输入任意字符串）。完成后，点击 Authorize APIs。
6. 在第 2 步和第 3 步部分中，完成 OAuth 2.0 流程，并验证每个步骤是否按预期运行。

您可以使用 Google 账号关联演示工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

1. 点击使用 Google 账号登录按钮。
2. 选择您要关联的账号。
3. 输入服务 ID。
4. （可选）输入您将请求访问的一个或多个范围。
5. 点击开始演示。
6. 当系统提示时，请确认您可以同意或拒绝关联请求。
7. 确认您已重定向到相应平台。