OAuth로 Google 계정 연결

계정은 업계 표준 OAuth 2.0 암시적 흐름 및 승인 코드 흐름을 사용하여 연결됩니다. 서비스가 OAuth 2.0을 준수하는 승인 및 토큰 교환 엔드포인트를 지원해야 합니다.

In the implicit flow, Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. After successful sign in, you return a long-lived access token to Google. This access token is now included in every request sent from Google.

In the authorization code flow, you need two endpoints:

  • The authorization endpoint, which presents the sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in. The authorization endpoint also creates a short-lived authorization code to record users' consent to the requested access.

  • The token exchange endpoint, which is responsible for two types of exchanges:

    1. Exchanges an authorization code for a long-lived refresh token and a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when the user goes through the account linking flow.
    2. Exchanges a long-lived refresh token for a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when Google needs a new access token because the one it had expired.

Choose an OAuth 2.0 flow

Although the implicit flow is simpler to implement, Google recommends that access tokens issued by the implicit flow never expire. This is because the user is forced to link their account again after a token expires with the implicit flow. If you need token expiration for security reasons, we strongly recommend that you use the authorization code flow instead.

Design guidelines

This section describes the design requirements and recommendations for the user screen that you host for OAuth linking flows. After it's called by Google's app, your platform displays a sign in to Google page and account linking consent screen to the user. The user is directed back to Google's app after giving their consent to link accounts.

This figure shows the steps for a user to link their Google account to your authentication system. The first screenshot shows user-initiated linking from your platform. The second image shows user sign-in to Google, while the third shows the user consent and confirmation for linking their Google account with your app. The final screenshot shows a successfully linked user account in the Google app.
Figure 1. Account linking user sign in to Google and consent screens.

Requirements

  1. You must communicate that the user’s account will be linked to Google, not a specific Google product like Google Home or Google Assistant.

Recommendations

We recommend that you do the following:

  1. Display Google's Privacy Policy. Include a link to Google’s Privacy Policy on the consent screen.

  2. Data to be shared. Use clear and concise language to tell the user what data of theirs Google requires and why.

  3. Clear call-to-action. State a clear call-to-action on your consent screen, such as “Agree and link.” This is because users need to understand what data they're required to share with Google to link their accounts.

  4. Ability to cancel. Provide a way for users to go back or cancel, if they choose not to link.

  5. Clear sign-in process. Ensure that users have clear method for signing in to their Google account, such as fields for their username and password or Sign in with Google.

  6. Ability to unlink. Offer a mechanism for users to unlink, such as a URL to their account settings on your platform. Alternatively, you can include a link to Google Account where users can manage their linked account.

  7. Ability to change user account. Suggest a method for users to switch their account(s). This is especially beneficial if users tend to have multiple accounts.

    • If a user must close the consent screen to switch accounts, send a recoverable error to Google so the user can sign in to the desired account with OAuth linking and the implicit flow.

  8. Include your logo. Display your company logo on the consent screen. Use your style guidelines to place your logo. If you wish to also display Google's logo, see Logos and trademarks.

创建项目

如需创建项目以使用账号关联功能，请执行以下操作：

Google 账号关联流程包含一个权限请求页面，用于告知用户请求访问其数据的应用、应用请求访问的数据类型以及适用的条款。您需要先配置 OAuth 权限请求页面，然后才能生成 Google API 客户端 ID。

  1. 打开 Google API 控制台的 OAuth 同意屏幕页面。
  2. 如果出现提示，请选择您刚刚创建的项目。

  3. 在“OAuth 同意屏幕”页面上，填写表单，然后点击“保存”按钮。

    应用名称：征求用户同意的应用的名称。该名称应准确反映您的应用，并与用户在其他地方看到的应用名称一致。应用名称将显示在账号关联意见征求界面上。

    应用徽标：权限请求页面上显示的一张图片，用以让用户认出您的应用。该徽标会显示在账号关联意见征求页面和账号设置中

    支持电子邮件：供用户就其是否同意的问题与您联系。

    Google API 的范围：借助范围，您的应用可以访问用户的私密 Google 数据。对于 Google 账号关联用例，默认范围（电子邮件地址、个人资料、openid）已足够，您无需添加任何敏感范围。通常，最佳做法是在需要访问权限时逐步请求相应权限范围，而不是提前请求。了解详情。

    已获授权的网域：为了保护您和您的用户，Google 只允许使用 OAuth 进行身份验证的应用使用已获授权的网域。您应用的链接必须托管在已获授权的网域上。了解详情。

    应用首页链接：应用的首页。必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

    应用隐私权政策链接：显示在 Google 账号关联意见征求界面上。必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

    应用服务条款链接（可选）：必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

    图 1. 虚构应用 Tunery 的 Google 账号关联意见征求界面

  4. 查看“验证状态”，如果您的应用需要验证，请点击“提交以供验证”按钮，以提交您的应用以供验证。如需了解详情，请参阅 OAuth 验证要求。

OAuth 서버 구현

To support the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, your service makes an authorization endpoint available by HTTPS. This endpoint is responsible for authentication and obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access.

When a Google application needs to call one of your service's authorized APIs, Google uses this endpoint to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

A typical OAuth 2.0 implicit flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

  1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
  2. Your service creates an access token and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the access token attached to the request.
  3. Google calls your service's APIs and attaches the access token with each request. Your service verifies that the access token grants Google authorization to access the API and then completes the API call.

Handle authorization requests

When a Google application needs to perform account linking via an OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with a request that includes the following parameters:

Authorization endpoint parameters
client_id The client ID you assigned to Google.
redirect_uri The URL to which you send the response to this request.
state A bookkeeping value that is passed back to Google unchanged in the redirect URI.
response_type The type of value to return in the response. For the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, the response type is always token.
user_locale The Google Account language setting in RFC5646 format used to localize your content in the user's preferred language.

For example, if your authorization endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/auth, a request might look like the following:

GET https://myservice.example.com/auth?client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&state=STATE_STRING&response_type=token&user_locale=LOCALE

For your authorization endpoint to handle sign-in requests, do the following steps:

  1. Verify the client_id and redirect_uri values to prevent granting access to unintended or misconfigured client apps:

    • Confirm that the client_id matches the client ID you assigned to Google.
    • Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter has the following form: 
      https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID

  2. Check if the user is signed in to your service. If the user isn't signed in, complete your service's sign-in or sign-up flow.

  3. Generate an access token for Google to use to access your API. The access token can be any string value, but it must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for and must not be guessable.

  4. Send an HTTP response that redirects the user's browser to the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter. Include all of the following parameters in the URL fragment:

    • access_token: The access token you just generated
    • token_type: The string bearer
    • state: The unmodified state value from the original request

    The following is an example of the resulting URL: 

    https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID#access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&token_type=bearer&state=STATE_STRING

Google's OAuth 2.0 redirect handler receives the access token and confirms that the state value hasn't changed. After Google has obtained an access token for your service, Google attaches the token to subsequent calls to your service APIs.

사용자 정보 요청 처리

userinfo 엔드포인트는 연결된 사용자에 대한 클레임을 반환하는 OAuth 2.0 보호 리소스입니다. 다음 사용 사례를 제외하고 userinfo 엔드포인트를 구현하고 호스팅하는 것은 선택사항입니다.

토큰 엔드포인트에서 액세스 토큰을 성공적으로 가져오면 Google은 사용자 정보 엔드포인트에 요청을 보내 연결된 사용자에 대한 기본 프로필 정보를 가져옵니다.

사용자 정보 엔드포인트 요청 헤더
Authorization header Bearer 유형의 액세스 토큰입니다.

예를 들어 https://myservice.example.com/userinfo인 경우 요청은 다음과 같을 수 있습니다.

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

userinfo 엔드포인트에서 요청을 처리하려면 다음 단계를 수행합니다.

  1. 승인 헤더에서 액세스 토큰을 추출하고 액세스 토큰과 연결된 사용자의 정보를 반환합니다.
  2. 액세스 토큰이 유효하지 않은 경우 WWW-Authenticate 응답 헤더를 사용하여 HTTP 401 승인되지 않은 오류를 반환합니다. 다음은 userinfo 오류 응답의 예입니다. 
    HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
error_description="The Access Token expired"
    연결 과정 중에 401 승인되지 않음 또는 기타 실패한 오류 응답이 반환되면 오류는 복구할 수 없으며 검색된 토큰은 삭제되며 사용자는 연결 프로세스를 다시 시작해야 합니다.

  3. 액세스 토큰이 유효하면 HTTPS 본문에 다음 JSON 객체가 포함된 HTTP 200 응답을 반환합니다. 응답: 

    {
"sub": "USER_UUID",
"email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
"given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
"family_name": "LAST_NAME",
"name": "FULL_NAME",
"picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
}
    userinfo 엔드포인트가 HTTP 200 성공 응답을 반환하는 경우 가져온 토큰과 클레임은 사용자의 Google 계정에 등록됩니다.

    사용자 정보 엔드포인트 응답
    sub 시스템에서 사용자를 식별하는 고유 ID
    email 사용자의 이메일 주소입니다.
    given_name 선택사항: 사용자의 이름입니다.
    family_name 선택사항: 사용자의 성.
    name 선택사항: 사용자의 전체 이름입니다.
    picture 선택사항: 사용자의 프로필 사진입니다.

구현 확인

OAuth 2.0 플레이그라운드 도구를 사용하여 구현을 검증할 수 있습니다.

도구에서 다음 단계를 수행합니다.

  1. 구성 을 클릭하여 OAuth 2.0 구성 창을 엽니다.
  2. OAuth 흐름 입력란에서 클라이언트 측을 선택합니다.
  3. OAuth 엔드포인트 필드에서 맞춤을 선택합니다.
  4. 해당 필드에 OAuth 2.0 엔드포인트와 Google에 할당한 클라이언트 ID를 지정합니다.
  5. 1단계 섹션에서 Google 범위를 선택하지 않습니다. 대신 이 필드를 비워 두거나 서버에 유효한 범위 (또는 OAuth 범위를 사용하지 않는 경우 임의의 문자열)를 입력합니다. 완료되면 API 승인을 클릭합니다.
  6. 2단계 및 3단계 섹션에서 OAuth 2.0 흐름을 진행하고 각 단계가 의도한 대로 작동하는지 확인합니다.

Google 계정 연결 데모 도구를 사용하여 구현을 확인할 수 있습니다.

도구에서 다음 단계를 수행합니다.

  1. Google 계정으로 로그인 버튼을 클릭합니다.
  2. 연결할 계정을 선택합니다.
  3. 서비스 ID를 입력합니다.
  4. 원하는 경우 액세스를 요청할 범위를 하나 이상 입력합니다.
  5. 데모 시작을 클릭합니다.
  6. 메시지가 표시되면 연결 요청에 동의하고 거부할 수 있음을 확인합니다.
  7. 플랫폼으로 리디렉션되는지 확인합니다.