Vinculación optimizada con OAuth y Acceso con Google

Descripción general

La vinculación optimizada de Acceso con Google basada en OAuth agrega Acceso con Google además de la vinculación de OAuth. Esto proporciona una experiencia de vinculación fluida para los usuarios de Google y también habilita la creación de cuentas, lo que permite que el usuario cree una cuenta nueva en tu servicio con su Cuenta de Google.

Para realizar la vinculación de cuentas con OAuth y Acceder con Google, sigue estos pasos generales:

1. Primero, pídele al usuario que otorgue su consentimiento para acceder a su perfil de Google.
2. Usa la información de su perfil para verificar si existe la cuenta de usuario.
3. En el caso de los usuarios existentes, vincula las cuentas.
4. Si no encuentras una coincidencia para el usuario de Google en tu sistema de autenticación, valida el token de ID que recibiste de Google. Luego, puedes crear un usuario en función de la información del perfil contenida en el token de ID.

Figura 1. Vinculación de cuentas en el teléfono de un usuario con la vinculación optimizada

Requisitos para la vinculación optimizada

• Implementa el flujo de vinculación web básica de OAuth. Tu servicio debe admitir extremos de autorización y intercambio de tokens que cumplan con OAuth 2.0.
• Tu extremo de intercambio de tokens debe admitir aserciones de token web JSON (JWT) y, además, implementar los intents check, create y get.

• Registra tu ID de cliente de la API de Google.

Implementa tu servidor de OAuth

Tu extremo de intercambio de tokens debe admitir los intents check, create y get. A continuación, se muestran los pasos completados a través del flujo de vinculación de cuentas y se indica cuándo se llama a los diferentes intents:

1. ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta en tu sistema de autenticación? (El usuario decide si selecciona SÍ o NO)
   1. SÍ: ¿El usuario usa el correo electrónico asociado a su Cuenta de Google para acceder a tu plataforma? (El usuario decide seleccionando SÍ o NO)
      1. SÍ: ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta coincidente en tu sistema de autenticación? (se llama a check intent para confirmar)
         1. SÍ : Se llama a get intent y la cuenta se vincula si get intent se muestra correctamente.
         2. NO: ¿Crear una cuenta nueva? (El usuario decide seleccionando SÍ o NO)
            1. SÍ : Se llama a create intent y la cuenta se vincula si el intent de creación se muestra correctamente.
            2. NO : Se activa el flujo de OAuth web, se dirige al usuario a su navegador y se le da la opción de vincular con un correo electrónico diferente.
      2. NO : Se activa el flujo de OAuth web, se dirige al usuario a su navegador y se le brinda la opción de vincular con un correo electrónico diferente.
   2. NO: ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta coincidente en tu sistema de autenticación? (se llama a check intent para confirmar)
      1. SÍ : Se llama a get intent y la cuenta se vincula si get intent se muestra correctamente.
      2. NO : Se llama a create intent y la cuenta se vincula si el intent de creación se muestra correctamente.

检查现有用户账号（检查 intent）

在用户同意访问其 Google 个人资料后，Google 会发送 请求，其中包含 Google 用户身份的已签名断言。通过 断言包含的信息包括用户的 Google 账号 ID、 姓名和电子邮件地址为您的 Google Cloud 控制台配置的令牌交换端点 项目处理该请求。

如果您的身份验证中已有相应的 Google 账号 系统时，您的令牌交换端点会返回 account_found=true。如果 Google 账号与现有用户不匹配，您的令牌交换端点 返回“HTTP 404 Not Found”错误以及 account_found=false。

请求的格式如下：

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=check&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

您的令牌交换端点必须能够处理以下参数：

如需响应 check intent 请求，您的令牌交换端点必须执行以下步骤：

• 验证和解码 JWT 断言。
• 检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号。

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

• email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
• email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号

请检查以下任一条件是否成立：

• Google 账号 ID（可在断言的 sub 字段中找到）位于您的用户中 数据库。
• 断言中的电子邮件地址与用户数据库中的用户匹配。

如果满足上述任一条件，则表明用户已注册。在这种情况下 返回如下所示的响应：

HTTP/1.1 200 Success
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"true",
}

如果 Google 账号 ID 和 断言与您的数据库中的用户匹配，该用户尚未注册。在 在这种情况下，您的令牌交换端点需要返回 HTTP 404 错误 指定 "account_found": "false"，如以下示例所示：

HTTP/1.1 404 Not found
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"false",
}

Handle automatic linking (get intent)

After the user gives consent to access their Google profile, Google sends a request that contains a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The assertion contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. The token exchange endpoint configured for your project handles that request.

If the corresponding Google Account is already present in your authentication system, your token exchange endpoint returns a token for the user. If the Google Account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint returns a linking_error error and optional login_hint.

The request has the following form:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:

To respond to the get intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:

• Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
• Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system.

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

• email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
• email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

• The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
• The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If an account is found for the user, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
  "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",
  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

In some cases, account linking based on ID token might fail for the user. If it does so for any reason, your token exchange endpoint needs to reply with a HTTP 401 error that specifies error=linking_error, as the following example shows:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint as a parameter. The user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.

通过 Google 登录功能处理账号创建（创建 intent）

当用户需要在您的服务中创建账号时，Google 会发出请求 发送到指定 intent=create 的令牌交换端点。

请求的格式如下：

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&assertion=JWT&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

您的令牌交换端点必须能够处理以下参数：

assertion 参数中的 JWT 包含用户的 Google 账号 ID。 姓名和电子邮件地址，可用于在 Gmail 中创建新账号 服务。

如需响应 create intent 请求，您的令牌交换端点必须执行以下步骤：

• 验证和解码 JWT 断言。
• 验证用户信息并创建新账号。

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

• email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
• email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

验证用户信息并创建新账号

请检查以下任一条件是否成立：

• Google 账号 ID（可在断言的 sub 字段中找到）位于您的用户中 数据库。
• 断言中的电子邮件地址与用户数据库中的用户匹配。

如果满足上述任一条件，请提示用户关联其现有账号 与其 Google 账号关联。为此，请使用 HTTP 401 错误响应请求 该参数指定 error=linking_error 并将用户的电子邮件地址作为 login_hint。以下是示例响应：

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

当 Google 收到包含 linking_error 的 401 错误响应时，会发送 使用 login_hint 作为参数将用户发送到您的授权端点。通过 用户在浏览器中使用 OAuth 关联流程完成账号关联。

如果以上两个条件都不满足，请使用相应信息创建一个新的用户账号 。新账号通常不会设置密码。时间是 建议您将 Google 登录功能添加到其他平台，以便用户 使用 Google 账号登录。或者 可以通过电子邮件向用户发送链接，启动密码恢复流程，以允许 用户设置密码，以便在其他平台上登录。

创建完成后，发出一个访问令牌 和刷新令牌 并在 HTTPS 响应的正文，如以下示例所示：

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
  "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",
  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

Obtén tu ID de cliente de la API de Google

Se te solicitará que proporciones tu ID de cliente de la API de Google durante el proceso de registro de la vinculación de cuentas.

Para obtener tu ID de cliente de la API con el proyecto que creaste mientras completabas los pasos de Vinculación de OAuth. Para ello, completa los siguientes pasos:

2. Crea o selecciona un proyecto de APIs de Google.

   Si tu proyecto no tiene un ID de cliente para el tipo de aplicación web, haz clic en Crear cliente para crear uno. Asegúrate de incluir el dominio de tu sitio en el cuadro Orígenes autorizados de JavaScript. Cuando realices pruebas o desarrollo locales, debes agregar http://localhost y http://localhost:<port_number> al campo Orígenes autorizados de JavaScript.

Cómo validar la implementación

您可以使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground 工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

1. 点击配置 settings 以打开 OAuth 2.0 配置窗口。
2. 在 OAuth flow 字段中，选择 Client-side（客户端）。
3. 在 OAuth 端点字段中，选择自定义。
4. 在相应字段中指定您的 OAuth 2.0 端点和您分配给 Google 的客户端 ID。
5. 在第 1 步部分，不要选择任何 Google 范围。请将此字段留空或输入对服务器有效的范围（如果您不使用 OAuth 范围，则可以输入任意字符串）。完成后，点击授权 API。
6. 在 Step 2 和 Step 3 部分中，完成 OAuth 2.0 流程，并验证每个步骤是否按预期运行。

您可以使用 Google 账号关联演示版工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

1. 点击使用 Google 账号登录按钮。
2. 选择您要关联的账号。
3. 输入服务 ID。
4. （可选）输入您要请求访问权限的一个或多个范围。
5. 点击开始演示。
6. 当系统提示时，请确认您同意或拒绝关联请求。
7. 确认您已被重定向到您的平台。