Vinculación optimizada con OAuth y Acceso con Google

Descripción general

La vinculación optimizada de Acceso con Google basada en OAuth agrega Acceso con Google además de la vinculación de OAuth. Esto proporciona una experiencia de vinculación fluida para los usuarios de Google y también habilita la creación de cuentas, lo que permite que el usuario cree una cuenta nueva en tu servicio con su Cuenta de Google.

Para realizar la vinculación de cuentas con OAuth y Acceder con Google, sigue estos pasos generales:

1. Primero, pídele al usuario que otorgue su consentimiento para acceder a su perfil de Google.
2. Usa la información de su perfil para verificar si existe la cuenta de usuario.
3. En el caso de los usuarios existentes, vincula las cuentas.
4. Si no encuentras una coincidencia para el usuario de Google en tu sistema de autenticación, valida el token de ID que recibiste de Google. Luego, puedes crear un usuario en función de la información del perfil contenida en el token de ID.

Figura 1. Vinculación de cuentas en el teléfono de un usuario con la vinculación optimizada

Requisitos para la vinculación optimizada

• Implementa el flujo de vinculación web básica de OAuth. Tu servicio debe admitir extremos de autorización y intercambio de tokens que cumplan con OAuth 2.0.
• Tu extremo de intercambio de tokens debe admitir aserciones de token web JSON (JWT) y, además, implementar los intents check, create y get.

• Registra tu ID de cliente de la API de Google.

Implementa tu servidor de OAuth

Tu extremo de intercambio de tokens debe admitir los intents check, create y get. A continuación, se muestran los pasos completados a través del flujo de vinculación de cuentas y se indica cuándo se llama a los diferentes intents:

1. ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta en tu sistema de autenticación? (El usuario decide si selecciona SÍ o NO)
   1. SÍ: ¿El usuario usa el correo electrónico asociado a su Cuenta de Google para acceder a tu plataforma? (El usuario decide seleccionando SÍ o NO)
      1. SÍ: ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta coincidente en tu sistema de autenticación? (se llama a check intent para confirmar)
         1. SÍ : Se llama a get intent y la cuenta se vincula si get intent se muestra correctamente.
         2. NO: ¿Crear una cuenta nueva? (El usuario decide seleccionando SÍ o NO)
            1. SÍ : Se llama a create intent y la cuenta se vincula si el intent de creación se muestra correctamente.
            2. NO : Se activa el flujo de OAuth web, se dirige al usuario a su navegador y se le da la opción de vincular con un correo electrónico diferente.
      2. NO : Se activa el flujo de OAuth web, se dirige al usuario a su navegador y se le brinda la opción de vincular con un correo electrónico diferente.
   2. NO: ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta coincidente en tu sistema de autenticación? (se llama a check intent para confirmar)
      1. SÍ : Se llama a get intent y la cuenta se vincula si get intent se muestra correctamente.
      2. NO : Se llama a create intent y la cuenta se vincula si el intent de creación se muestra correctamente.

Cómo comprobar si hay una cuenta de usuario existente (verificar intención)

Una vez que el usuario da su consentimiento para acceder a su perfil de Google, Google envía un solicitud que incluya una aserción firmada de la identidad del usuario de Google. El contiene información que incluye el ID de la Cuenta de Google del usuario, y tu dirección de correo electrónico. El extremo de intercambio de tokens configurado para tu el proyecto se encargará de esa solicitud.

Si la Cuenta de Google correspondiente ya está presente en tu autenticación de intercambio de tokens, tu extremo de intercambio de tokens responde con account_found=true. Si el botón La Cuenta de Google no coincide con un usuario existente, tu extremo de intercambio de token muestra un error HTTP 404 No encontrado con account_found=false.

La solicitud tiene el siguiente formato:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=check&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

El extremo de intercambio de tokens debe ser capaz de controlar los siguientes parámetros:

Para responder a las solicitudes de intent check, el extremo de intercambio de tokens debe realizar los siguientes pasos:

• Valida y decodifica la aserción de JWT.
• Verifica si la Cuenta de Google ya está presente en tu sistema de autenticación.

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

• email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
• email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

Verifica si la Cuenta de Google ya está presente en tu sistema de autenticación

Verifica si se cumple alguna de las siguientes condiciones:

• El ID de la Cuenta de Google, que se encuentra en el campo sub de la aserción, está en tu usuario en la base de datos.
• La dirección de correo electrónico en la aserción coincide con un usuario de tu base de datos de usuarios.

Si se cumple alguna de estas condiciones, el usuario ya se registró. En ese caso, devolver una respuesta como la siguiente:

HTTP/1.1 200 Success
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"true",
}

Si no se especifica el ID de la Cuenta de Google ni la dirección de correo electrónico coincide con un usuario de tu base de datos, el usuario aún no se registró. En en este caso, el extremo de intercambio de tokens debe responder con un error HTTP 404 que especifique "account_found": "false", como en el siguiente ejemplo:

HTTP/1.1 404 Not found
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"false",
}

Handle automatic linking (get intent)

After the user gives consent to access their Google profile, Google sends a request that contains a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The assertion contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. The token exchange endpoint configured for your project handles that request.

If the corresponding Google Account is already present in your authentication system, your token exchange endpoint returns a token for the user. If the Google Account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint returns a linking_error error and optional login_hint.

The request has the following form:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:

To respond to the get intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:

• Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
• Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system.

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

• email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
• email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

• The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
• The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If an account is found for the user, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
  "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",
  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

In some cases, account linking based on ID token might fail for the user. If it does so for any reason, your token exchange endpoint needs to reply with a HTTP 401 error that specifies error=linking_error, as the following example shows:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint as a parameter. The user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.

Handle account creation via Google Sign-In (create intent)

When a user needs to create an account on your service, Google makes a request to your token exchange endpoint that specifies intent=create.

The request has the following form:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&assertion=JWT&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

Your token exchange endpoint must able to handle the following parameters:

The JWT within the assertion parameter contains the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address, which you can use to create a new account on your service.

To respond to the create intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:

• Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
• Validate user information and create new account.

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

• email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
• email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

Validate user information and create new account

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

• The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
• The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If either condition is true, prompt the user to link their existing account with their Google Account. To do so, respond to the request with an HTTP 401 error that specifies error=linking_error and gives the user's email address as the login_hint. The following is a sample response:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint as a parameter. The user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.

If neither condition is true, create a new user account with the information provided in the JWT. New accounts don't typically have a password set. It's recommended that you add Google Sign-In to other platforms to enable users to log in with Google across the surfaces of your application. Alternatively, you can email the user a link that starts your password recovery flow to allow the user to set a password to sign in on other platforms.

When the creation is completed, issue an access token and refresh token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
  "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",
  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

Obtén tu ID de cliente de la API de Google

Se te solicitará que proporciones tu ID de cliente de la API de Google durante el proceso de registro de la vinculación de cuentas.

Para obtener tu ID de cliente de la API con el proyecto que creaste mientras completabas los pasos de Vinculación de OAuth. Para ello, completa los siguientes pasos:

2. Crea o selecciona un proyecto de APIs de Google.

   Si tu proyecto no tiene un ID de cliente para el tipo de aplicación web, haz clic en Crear cliente para crear uno. Asegúrate de incluir el dominio de tu sitio en el cuadro Orígenes autorizados de JavaScript. Cuando realices pruebas o desarrollo locales, debes agregar http://localhost y http://localhost:<port_number> al campo Orígenes autorizados de JavaScript.

Cómo validar la implementación

您可以使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground 工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

1. 点击配置 settings 以打开 OAuth 2.0 配置窗口。
2. 在 OAuth flow 字段中，选择 Client-side（客户端）。
3. 在 OAuth 端点字段中，选择自定义。
4. 在相应字段中指定您的 OAuth 2.0 端点和您分配给 Google 的客户端 ID。
5. 在第 1 步部分，不要选择任何 Google 范围。请将此字段留空或输入对服务器有效的范围（如果您不使用 OAuth 范围，则可以输入任意字符串）。完成后，点击授权 API。
6. 在 Step 2 和 Step 3 部分中，完成 OAuth 2.0 流程，并验证每个步骤是否按预期运行。

您可以使用 Google 账号关联演示版工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

1. 点击使用 Google 账号登录按钮。
2. 选择您要关联的账号。
3. 输入服务 ID。
4. （可选）输入您要请求访问权限的一个或多个范围。
5. 点击开始演示。
6. 当系统提示时，请确认您同意或拒绝关联请求。
7. 确认您已被重定向到您的平台。