概览
基于 OAuth 的 Google 登录简化关联功能会在 OAuth 关联。这样可以为 Google 用户),它还支持账号创建功能,即允许用户使用其 Google 账号在您的服务中创建新账号。
如需通过 OAuth 和 Google 登录机制执行账号关联,请遵循以下常规 步骤:
- 首先,请用户同意访问其 Google 个人资料。
- 使用用户个人资料中的信息检查用户账号是否存在。
- 对于现有用户,请关联账号。
- 如果您在身份验证系统中找不到与 Google 用户匹配的信息, 验证从 Google 收到的 ID 令牌。然后,您可以根据 对 ID 令牌中包含的个人资料信息有效。
图 1. 通过“精简关联”功能在用户手机上进行账号关联
简化关联的要求
- 实现基本网络 OAuth 关联流程。您的服务必须支持符合 OAuth 2.0 规定 授权端点和令牌交换端点。
- 您的令牌交换端点必须支持 JSON 网络令牌 (JWT) 断言,并实现
check
、create
和get
intent。
实现 OAuth 服务器
您的令牌交换端点必须支持 check
、create
、get
intent。下面显示了通过账号关联流程完成的步骤,并指明了不同 intent 的调用时间:
- 用户在您的身份验证系统中是否有账号?(用户可通过选择“是”或“否”来决定)
<ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
- </ph>
- 是:用户是否使用与其 Google 账号关联的电子邮件地址登录您的平台?(用户可通过选择“是”或“否”来决定)
<ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
- </ph>
- 是:用户在您的身份验证系统中是否拥有匹配的账号?(系统会调用
check intent
来进行确认)- 是:如果成功返回 get intent,系统会调用
get intent
并关联账号。 - 否 :要创建新账号吗?(用户可通过选择“是”或“否”来决定)
<ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
- </ph>
- 是:如果成功返回 create intent,系统会调用
create intent
并关联账号。 - 否 :会触发网络 OAuth 流程,将用户定向到其浏览器,并为用户提供链接到其他电子邮件的选项。
- 是:如果成功返回 create intent,系统会调用
- 是:如果成功返回 get intent,系统会调用
- 否:触发网络 OAuth 流程,将用户定向到其浏览器,并为用户提供用于链接到其他电子邮件的选项。
- 是:用户在您的身份验证系统中是否拥有匹配的账号?(系统会调用
- 否:用户在您的身份验证系统中是否拥有匹配的账号?(系统会调用
check intent
来进行确认)- 是:如果成功返回 get intent,系统会调用
get intent
并关联账号。 - 否:如果成功返回 create intent,系统会调用
create intent
并关联账号。
- 是:如果成功返回 get intent,系统会调用
- 是:用户是否使用与其 Google 账号关联的电子邮件地址登录您的平台?(用户可通过选择“是”或“否”来决定)
<ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
Check for an existing user account (check intent)
After the user gives consent to access their Google profile, Google sends a request that contains a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The assertion contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. The token exchange endpoint configured for your project handles that request.
If the corresponding Google account is already present in your authentication
system, your token exchange endpoint responds with account_found=true
. If the
Google account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint
returns an HTTP 404 Not Found error with account_found=false
.
The request has the following form:
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=check&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:
Token endpoint parameters | |
---|---|
intent |
For these requests, the value of this parameter is
check . |
grant_type |
The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this
parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer . |
assertion |
A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. |
client_id |
The client ID you assigned to Google. |
client_secret |
The client secret you assigned to Google. |
To respond to the check
intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:
- Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
- Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system.
验证和解码 JWT 断言
您可以使用 适用于您所用语言的 JWT 解码库。使用 Google 的公钥,在 JWK 或 PEM 格式,用于验证 令牌的签名。
解码后,JWT 断言如以下示例所示:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
除了验证令牌的签名之外,还要验证断言的
颁发者(iss
字段)为 https://accounts.google.com
,
(aud
字段)是分配给您的客户端 ID,并且令牌未过期
(exp
字段)。
使用 email
、email_verified
和 hd
字段,您可以确定
Google 负责托管电子邮件地址,并对其具有权威性。如果 Google
权威性 - 用户当前被认定为合法账号所有者
您可以跳过密码或其他验证方法。否则,这些方法
可用于在关联之前验证账号。
Google 具有权威性的情形:
email
的后缀为@gmail.com
,这是一个 Gmail 账号。email_verified
为 true 且hd
已设置,这是 G Suite 账号。
用户无需使用 Gmail 或 G Suite 即可注册 Google 账号。时间
email
不包含 @gmail.com
后缀,且 hd
不存在 Google 不
建议使用权威凭据和密码或其他验证方法进行验证
用户。email_verified
可能为 true,因为 Google 最初验证了
创建 Google 账号后,该用户会获得第三方的所有权,
后,电子邮件账号可能已更改。
Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system
Check whether either of the following conditions are true:
- The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's
sub
field, is in your user database. - The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.
If either condition is true, the user has already signed up. In that case, return a response like the following:
HTTP/1.1 200 Success Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "account_found":"true", }
If neither the Google Account ID nor the email address specified in the
assertion matches a user in your database, the user hasn't signed up yet. In
this case, your token exchange endpoint needs to reply with a HTTP 404 error
that specifies "account_found": "false"
, as in the following example:
HTTP/1.1 404 Not found Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "account_found":"false", }
处理自动链接(获取 intent)
在用户同意访问其 Google 个人资料后,Google 会发送 请求,其中包含 Google 用户身份的已签名断言。通过 断言包含的信息包括用户的 Google 账号 ID、 姓名和电子邮件地址为您的 Google Cloud 控制台配置的令牌交换端点 项目处理该请求。
如果您的身份验证中已有相应的 Google 账号
系统,您的令牌交换端点将为用户返回一个令牌。如果
Google 账号与现有用户不匹配,您的令牌交换端点
返回 linking_error
错误和可选的 login_hint
。
请求的格式如下:
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
您的令牌交换端点必须能够处理以下参数:
令牌端点参数 | |
---|---|
intent |
对于这些请求,此参数的值为 get 。 |
grant_type |
所交换的令牌的类型。对于这类请求
参数的值为 urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer 。 |
assertion |
一个 JSON Web 令牌 (JWT),提供 Google 用户身份。JWT 包含的信息包括用户 Google 账号 ID、姓名和电子邮件地址。 |
scope |
可选:您已将 Google 配置为向其请求访问权限的任何范围 用户。 |
client_id |
您分配给 Google 的客户 ID。 |
client_secret |
您分配给 Google 的客户端密钥。 |
如需响应 get
intent 请求,您的令牌交换端点必须执行以下步骤:
- 验证和解码 JWT 断言。
- 检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号。
验证和解码 JWT 断言
您可以使用 适用于您所用语言的 JWT 解码库。使用 Google 的公钥,在 JWK 或 PEM 格式,用于验证 令牌的签名。
解码后,JWT 断言如以下示例所示:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
除了验证令牌的签名之外,还要验证断言的
颁发者(iss
字段)为 https://accounts.google.com
,
(aud
字段)是分配给您的客户端 ID,并且令牌未过期
(exp
字段)。
使用 email
、email_verified
和 hd
字段,您可以确定
Google 负责托管电子邮件地址,并对其具有权威性。如果 Google
权威性 - 用户当前被认定为合法账号所有者
您可以跳过密码或其他验证方法。否则,这些方法
可用于在关联之前验证账号。
Google 具有权威性的情形:
email
的后缀为@gmail.com
,这是一个 Gmail 账号。email_verified
为 true 且hd
已设置,这是 G Suite 账号。
用户无需使用 Gmail 或 G Suite 即可注册 Google 账号。时间
email
不包含 @gmail.com
后缀,且 hd
不存在 Google 不
建议使用权威凭据和密码或其他验证方法进行验证
用户。email_verified
可能为 true,因为 Google 最初验证了
创建 Google 账号后,该用户会获得第三方的所有权,
后,电子邮件账号可能已更改。
检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号
请检查以下任一条件是否成立:
- Google 账号 ID(可在断言的
sub
字段中找到)位于您的用户中 数据库。 - 断言中的电子邮件地址与用户数据库中的用户匹配。
如果找到了用户的账号,请发出访问令牌,并在 HTTPS 响应正文的 JSON 对象中返回相应值,如以下示例所示:
{ "token_type": "Bearer", "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN", "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN", "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION }
在某些情况下,基于 ID 令牌的账号关联可能会失败。如果
因为任何原因,您的令牌交换端点都需要以 HTTP 响应
指定 error=linking_error
的 401 错误,如以下示例所示:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "error":"linking_error", "login_hint":"foo@bar.com" }
当 Google 收到包含 linking_error
的 401 错误响应时,会发送
使用 login_hint
作为参数将用户发送到您的授权端点。通过
用户在浏览器中使用 OAuth 关联流程完成账号关联。
Handle account creation via Google Sign-In (create intent)
When a user needs to create an account on your service, Google makes a request
to your token exchange endpoint that specifies intent=create
.
The request has the following form:
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&assertion=JWT&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
Your token exchange endpoint must able to handle the following parameters:
Token endpoint parameters | |
---|---|
intent |
For these requests, the value of this parameter is create . |
grant_type |
The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this
parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer . |
assertion |
A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. |
client_id |
The client ID you assigned to Google. |
client_secret |
The client secret you assigned to Google. |
The JWT within the assertion
parameter contains the user's Google Account ID,
name, and email address, which you can use to create a new account on your
service.
To respond to the create
intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:
- Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
- Validate user information and create new account.
验证和解码 JWT 断言
您可以使用 适用于您所用语言的 JWT 解码库。使用 Google 的公钥,在 JWK 或 PEM 格式,用于验证 令牌的签名。
解码后,JWT 断言如以下示例所示:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
除了验证令牌的签名之外,还要验证断言的
颁发者(iss
字段)为 https://accounts.google.com
,
(aud
字段)是分配给您的客户端 ID,并且令牌未过期
(exp
字段)。
使用 email
、email_verified
和 hd
字段,您可以确定
Google 负责托管电子邮件地址,并对其具有权威性。如果 Google
权威性 - 用户当前被认定为合法账号所有者
您可以跳过密码或其他验证方法。否则,这些方法
可用于在关联之前验证账号。
Google 具有权威性的情形:
email
的后缀为@gmail.com
,这是一个 Gmail 账号。email_verified
为 true 且hd
已设置,这是 G Suite 账号。
用户无需使用 Gmail 或 G Suite 即可注册 Google 账号。时间
email
不包含 @gmail.com
后缀,且 hd
不存在 Google 不
建议使用权威凭据和密码或其他验证方法进行验证
用户。email_verified
可能为 true,因为 Google 最初验证了
创建 Google 账号后,该用户会获得第三方的所有权,
后,电子邮件账号可能已更改。
Validate user information and create new account
Check whether either of the following conditions are true:
- The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's
sub
field, is in your user database. - The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.
If either condition is true, prompt the user to link their existing account
with their Google Account. To do so, respond to the request with an HTTP 401 error
that specifies error=linking_error
and gives the user's email address as the
login_hint
. The following is a sample response:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "error":"linking_error", "login_hint":"foo@bar.com" }
When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error
, Google sends
the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint
as a parameter. The
user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.
If neither condition is true, create a new user account with the information provided in the JWT. New accounts don't typically have a password set. It's recommended that you add Google Sign-In to other platforms to enable users to log in with Google across the surfaces of your application. Alternatively, you can email the user a link that starts your password recovery flow to allow the user to set a password to sign in on other platforms.
When the creation is completed, issue an access token and refresh token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:
{ "token_type": "Bearer", "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN", "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN", "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION }
获取您的 Google API 客户端 ID
在账号关联注册过程中,系统会要求您提供 Google API 客户端 ID。
使用您在完成 OAuth 关联步骤时创建的项目获取 API 客户端 ID。为此,请完成以下步骤:
- 打开凭据页面 Google API 控制台。
创建或选择 Google API 项目。
如果您的项目没有 Web 应用类型的客户端 ID,请点击 创建凭据 >OAuth 客户端 ID 创建一个凭据。请确保包含 在已获授权的 JavaScript 来源框中,输入您网站的网域。当您执行 本地测试或开发,则必须同时添加
http://localhost
和http://localhost:<port_number>
添加到已获授权的 JavaScript 来源字段中。
验证您的实现
You can validate your implementation by using the OAuth 2.0 Playground tool.
In the tool, do the following steps:
- Click Configuration to open the OAuth 2.0 Configuration window.
- In the OAuth flow field, select Client-side.
- In the OAuth Endpoints field, select Custom.
- Specify your OAuth 2.0 endpoint and the client ID you assigned to Google in the corresponding fields.
- In the Step 1 section, don't select any Google scopes. Instead, leave this field blank or type a scope valid for your server (or an arbitrary string if you don't use OAuth scopes). When you're done, click Authorize APIs.
- In the Step 2 and Step 3 sections, go through the OAuth 2.0 flow and verify that each step works as intended.
You can validate your implementation by using the Google Account Linking Demo tool.
In the tool, do the following steps:
- Click the Sign-in with Google button.
- Choose the account you'd like to link.
- Enter the service ID.
- Optionally enter one or more scopes that you will request access for.
- Click Start Demo.
- When prompted, confirm that you may consent and deny the linking request.
- Confirm that you are redirected to your platform.