Authenticate with a backend using ID tokens

The One Tap sign-in client retrieves a Google ID token when the user selects a Google Account. An ID token is a signed assertion of a user's identity that also contains a user's basic profile information, possibly including an email address that has been verified by Google.

When ID tokens are available, you can use them to securely authenticate with your app's backend, or to automatically sign up the user for a new account without the need to verify the user's email address.

To sign in or sign up a user with an ID token, send the token to your app's backend. On the backend, verify the token using either a Google API client library or a general-purpose JWT library. If the user hasn't signed in to your app with this Google Account before, create a new account.

If you've optionally chosen to use a nonce to help avoid replay attacks, use getNonce to send it along with the ID Token to your backend server, and check for the expected value. We recommend that you strongly consider using a nonce to improve user safety and security.

Get an ID token from the credentials object

After you retrieve a user's credentials, check if the credentials object includes an ID token. If it does, send it to your backend.

public class YourActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

  // ...
  private static final int REQ_ONE_TAP = 2;  // Can be any integer unique to the Activity.
  private boolean showOneTapUI = true;
  // ...

  @Override
  protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
      super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

      switch (requestCode) {
          case REQ_ONE_TAP:
              try {
                  SignInCredential credential = oneTapClient.getSignInCredentialFromIntent(data);
                  String idToken = credential.getGoogleIdToken();
                  if (idToken !=  null) {
                      // Got an ID token from Google. Use it to authenticate
                      // with your backend.
                      Log.d(TAG, "Got ID token.");
                  }
              } catch (ApiException e) {
                  // ...
              }
              break;
      }
  }
}

class YourActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    // ...
    private val REQ_ONE_TAP = 2  // Can be any integer unique to the Activity
    private var showOneTapUI = true
    // ...

    override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)

        when (requestCode) {
             REQ_ONE_TAP -> {
                try {
                    val credential = oneTapClient.getSignInCredentialFromIntent(data)
                    val idToken = credential.googleIdToken
                    when {
                        idToken != null -> {
                            // Got an ID token from Google. Use it to authenticate
                            // with your backend.
                            Log.d(TAG, "Got ID token.")
                        }
                        else -> {
                            // Shouldn't happen.
                            Log.d(TAG, "No ID token!")
                        }
                    }
                } catch (e: ApiException) {
                    // ...
            }
        }
    }
    // ...
}

Verify the integrity of the ID token

After you receive the ID token by HTTPS POST, you must verify the integrity of the token.

如需验证令牌是否有效，请确保满足以下条件：

• ID 令牌由 Google 正确签名。使用 Google 的公钥（以 JWK 或 PEM 格式提供）来验证令牌的签名。这些密钥会定期轮替；请检查响应中的 Cache-Control 标头，以确定何时应再次检索它们。
• ID 令牌中 aud 的值等于应用的某个客户端 ID。通过进行这项检查，可以防止向恶意应用颁发的 ID 令牌用于访问应用后端服务器上同一用户的数据。
• ID 令牌中 iss 的值等于 accounts.google.com 或 https://accounts.google.com。
• ID 令牌的过期时间 (exp) 尚未过去。
• 如果您需要验证该 ID 令牌代表的是 Google Workspace 或 Cloud 组织帐号，则可以检查 hd 声明，该声明指示用户的托管网域。仅允许特定网域的成员访问资源时，必须使用此方法。缺少此声明表示帐号不属于 Google 托管的网域。

我们强烈建议您使用适合您的平台的 Google API 客户端库或通用 JWT 库，而不是自行编写代码来执行这些验证步骤。对于开发和调试，您可以调用我们的 tokeninfo 验证端点。

Using a Google API Client Library

Using one of the Google API Client Libraries (e.g. Java, Node.js, PHP, Python) is the recommended way to validate Google ID tokens in a production environment.

import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleIdToken;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleIdToken.Payload;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleIdTokenVerifier;

...

GoogleIdTokenVerifier verifier = new GoogleIdTokenVerifier.Builder(transport, jsonFactory)
    // Specify the CLIENT_ID of the app that accesses the backend:
    .setAudience(Collections.singletonList(CLIENT_ID))
    // Or, if multiple clients access the backend:
    //.setAudience(Arrays.asList(CLIENT_ID_1, CLIENT_ID_2, CLIENT_ID_3))
    .build();

// (Receive idTokenString by HTTPS POST)

GoogleIdToken idToken = verifier.verify(idTokenString);
if (idToken != null) {
  Payload payload = idToken.getPayload();

  // Print user identifier
  String userId = payload.getSubject();
  System.out.println("User ID: " + userId);

  // Get profile information from payload
  String email = payload.getEmail();
  boolean emailVerified = Boolean.valueOf(payload.getEmailVerified());
  String name = (String) payload.get("name");
  String pictureUrl = (String) payload.get("picture");
  String locale = (String) payload.get("locale");
  String familyName = (String) payload.get("family_name");
  String givenName = (String) payload.get("given_name");

  // Use or store profile information
  // ...

} else {
  System.out.println("Invalid ID token.");
}

npm install google-auth-library --save

const {OAuth2Client} = require('google-auth-library');
const client = new OAuth2Client();
async function verify() {
  const ticket = await client.verifyIdToken({
      idToken: token,
      audience: CLIENT_ID,  // Specify the CLIENT_ID of the app that accesses the backend
      // Or, if multiple clients access the backend:
      //[CLIENT_ID_1, CLIENT_ID_2, CLIENT_ID_3]
  });
  const payload = ticket.getPayload();
  const userid = payload['sub'];
  // If the request specified a Google Workspace domain:
  // const domain = payload['hd'];
}
verify().catch(console.error);

composer require google/apiclient

require_once 'vendor/autoload.php';

// Get $id_token via HTTPS POST.

$client = new Google_Client(['client_id' => $CLIENT_ID]);  // Specify the CLIENT_ID of the app that accesses the backend
$payload = $client->verifyIdToken($id_token);
if ($payload) {
  $userid = $payload['sub'];
  // If the request specified a Google Workspace domain
  //$domain = $payload['hd'];
} else {
  // Invalid ID token
}

from google.oauth2 import id_token
from google.auth.transport import requests

# (Receive token by HTTPS POST)
# ...

try:
    # Specify the CLIENT_ID of the app that accesses the backend:
    idinfo = id_token.verify_oauth2_token(token, requests.Request(), CLIENT_ID)

    # Or, if multiple clients access the backend server:
    # idinfo = id_token.verify_oauth2_token(token, requests.Request())
    # if idinfo['aud'] not in [CLIENT_ID_1, CLIENT_ID_2, CLIENT_ID_3]:
    #     raise ValueError('Could not verify audience.')

    # If the request specified a Google Workspace domain
    # if idinfo['hd'] != DOMAIN_NAME:
    #     raise ValueError('Wrong domain name.')

    # ID token is valid. Get the user's Google Account ID from the decoded token.
    userid = idinfo['sub']
except ValueError:
    # Invalid token
    pass

Calling the tokeninfo endpoint

An easy way to validate an ID token signature for debugging is to use the tokeninfo endpoint. Calling this endpoint involves an additional network request that does most of the validation for you while you test proper validation and payload extraction in your own code. It is not suitable for use in production code as requests may be throttled or otherwise subject to intermittent errors.

To validate an ID token using the tokeninfo endpoint, make an HTTPS POST or GET request to the endpoint, and pass your ID token in the id_token parameter. For example, to validate the token "XYZ123", make the following GET request:

https://oauth2.googleapis.com/tokeninfo?id_token=XYZ123

If the token is properly signed and the iss and exp claims have the expected values, you will get a HTTP 200 response, where the body contains the JSON-formatted ID token claims. Here's an example response:

{
 // These six fields are included in all Google ID Tokens.
 "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",
 "sub": "110169484474386276334",
 "azp": "1008719970978-hb24n2dstb40o45d4feuo2ukqmcc6381.apps.googleusercontent.com",
 "aud": "1008719970978-hb24n2dstb40o45d4feuo2ukqmcc6381.apps.googleusercontent.com",
 "iat": "1433978353",
 "exp": "1433981953",

 // These seven fields are only included when the user has granted the "profile" and
 // "email" OAuth scopes to the application.
 "email": "testuser@gmail.com",
 "email_verified": "true",
 "name" : "Test User",
 "picture": "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-kYgzyAWpZzJ/ABCDEFGHI/AAAJKLMNOP/tIXL9Ir44LE/s99-c/photo.jpg",
 "given_name": "Test",
 "family_name": "User",
 "locale": "en"
}

If you need to validate that the ID token represents a Google Workspace account, you can check the hd claim, which indicates the hosted domain of the user. This must be used when restricting access to a resource to only members of certain domains. The absence of this claim indicates that the account does not belong to a Google Workspace hosted domain.

Create an account or session

After you have verified the token, check if the user is already in your user database. If so, establish an authenticated session for the user. If the user isn't yet in your user database, create a new user record from the information in the ID token payload, and establish a session for the user. You can prompt the user for any additional profile information you require when you detect a newly created user in your app.

Securing your users' accounts with Cross Account Protection

When you rely on Google to sign in a user, you'll automatically benefit from all of the security features and infrastructure Google has built to safeguard the user's data. However, in the unlikely event that the user's Google Account gets compromised or there is some other significant security event, your app can also be vulnerable to attack. To better protect your accounts from any major security events, use Cross Account Protection to receive security alerts from Google. When you receive these events, you gain visibility into important changes to the security of the user's Google account and you can then take action on your service to secure your accounts.