वेब सर्वर ऐप्लिकेशन के लिए OAuth 2.0 का इस्तेमाल करना

use Google\Client;

$client = new Client();

// Required, call the setAuthConfig function to load authorization credentials from
// client_secret.json file.
$client->setAuthConfig('client_secret.json');

// Required, to set the scope value, call the addScope function
$client->addScope([Google\Service\Drive::DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY, Google\Service\Calendar::CALENDAR_READONLY]);

// Required, call the setRedirectUri function to specify a valid redirect URI for the
// provided client_id
$client->setRedirectUri('http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/oauth2callback.php');

// Recommended, offline access will give you both an access and refresh token so that
// your app can refresh the access token without user interaction.
$client->setAccessType('offline');

// Recommended, call the setState function. Using a state value can increase your assurance that
// an incoming connection is the result of an authentication request.
$client->setState($sample_passthrough_value);

// Optional, if your application knows which user is trying to authenticate, it can use this
// parameter to provide a hint to the Google Authentication Server.
$client->setLoginHint('hint@example.com');

// Optional, call the setPrompt function to set "consent" will prompt the user for consent
$client->setPrompt('consent');

// Optional, call the setIncludeGrantedScopes function with true to enable incremental
// authorization
$client->setIncludeGrantedScopes(true);

import google.oauth2.credentials
import google_auth_oauthlib.flow

# Required, call the from_client_secrets_file method to retrieve the client ID from a
# client_secret.json file. The client ID (from that file) and access scopes are required. (You can
# also use the from_client_config method, which passes the client configuration as it originally
# appeared in a client secrets file but doesn't access the file itself.)
flow = google_auth_oauthlib.flow.Flow.from_client_secrets_file('client_secret.json',
    scopes=['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly',
            'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly'])

# Required, indicate where the API server will redirect the user after the user completes
# the authorization flow. The redirect URI is required. The value must exactly
# match one of the authorized redirect URIs for the OAuth 2.0 client, which you
# configured in the API Console. If this value doesn't match an authorized URI,
# you will get a 'redirect_uri_mismatch' error.
flow.redirect_uri = 'https://www.example.com/oauth2callback'

# Generate URL for request to Google's OAuth 2.0 server.
# Use kwargs to set optional request parameters.
authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
    # Recommended, enable offline access so that you can refresh an access token without
    # re-prompting the user for permission. Recommended for web server apps.
    access_type='offline',
    # Optional, enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
    include_granted_scopes='true',
    # Optional, if your application knows which user is trying to authenticate, it can use this
    # parameter to provide a hint to the Google Authentication Server.
    login_hint='hint@example.com',
    # Optional, set prompt to 'consent' will prompt the user for consent
    prompt='consent')

require 'googleauth'
require 'googleauth/web_user_authorizer'
require 'googleauth/stores/redis_token_store'

require 'google/apis/drive_v3'
require 'google/apis/calendar_v3'

# Required, call the from_file method to retrieve the client ID from a
# client_secret.json file.
client_id = Google::Auth::ClientId.from_file('/path/to/client_secret.json')

# Required, scope value 
# Access scopes for two non-Sign-In scopes: Read-only Drive activity and Google Calendar.
scope = ['Google::Apis::DriveV3::AUTH_DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY',
         'Google::Apis::CalendarV3::AUTH_CALENDAR_READONLY']

# Required, Authorizers require a storage instance to manage long term persistence of
# access and refresh tokens.
token_store = Google::Auth::Stores::RedisTokenStore.new(redis: Redis.new)

# Required, indicate where the API server will redirect the user after the user completes
# the authorization flow. The redirect URI is required. The value must exactly
# match one of the authorized redirect URIs for the OAuth 2.0 client, which you
# configured in the API Console. If this value doesn't match an authorized URI,
# you will get a 'redirect_uri_mismatch' error.
callback_uri = '/oauth2callback'

# To use OAuth2 authentication, we need access to a CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET, AND REDIRECT_URI
# from the client_secret.json file. To get these credentials for your application, visit
# https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials.
authorizer = Google::Auth::WebUserAuthorizer.new(client_id, scope,
                                                token_store, callback_uri)

const {google} = require('googleapis');
const crypto = require('crypto');
const express = require('express');
const session = require('express-session');

/**
 * To use OAuth2 authentication, we need access to a CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET, AND REDIRECT_URI
 * from the client_secret.json file. To get these credentials for your application, visit
 * https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials.
 */
const oauth2Client = new google.auth.OAuth2(
  YOUR_CLIENT_ID,
  YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET,
  YOUR_REDIRECT_URL
);

// Access scopes for two non-Sign-In scopes: Read-only Drive activity and Google Calendar.
const scopes = [
  'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly',
  'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly'
];

// Generate a secure random state value.
const state = crypto.randomBytes(32).toString('hex');

// Store state in the session
req.session.state = state;

// Generate a url that asks permissions for the Drive activity and Google Calendar scope
const authorizationUrl = oauth2Client.generateAuthUrl({
  // 'online' (default) or 'offline' (gets refresh_token)
  access_type: 'offline',
  /** Pass in the scopes array defined above.
    * Alternatively, if only one scope is needed, you can pass a scope URL as a string */
  scope: scopes,
  // Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
  include_granted_scopes: true,
  // Include the state parameter to reduce the risk of CSRF attacks.
  state: state
});

return flask.redirect(authorization_url)

https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?
 scope=https%3A//www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly%20https%3A//www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly&
 access_type=offline&
 include_granted_scopes=true&
 response_type=code&
 state=state_parameter_passthrough_value&
 redirect_uri=https%3A//oauth2.example.com/code&
 client_id=client_id

$access_token = $client->fetchAccessTokenWithAuthCode($_GET['code']);

state = flask.session['state']
flow = google_auth_oauthlib.flow.Flow.from_client_secrets_file(
    'client_secret.json',
    scopes=['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly'],
    state=state)
flow.redirect_uri = flask.url_for('oauth2callback', _external=True)

authorization_response = flask.request.url
flow.fetch_token(authorization_response=authorization_response)

# Store the credentials in the session.
# ACTION ITEM for developers:
#     Store user's access and refresh tokens in your data store if
#     incorporating this code into your real app.
credentials = flow.credentials
flask.session['credentials'] = {
    'token': credentials.token,
    'refresh_token': credentials.refresh_token,
    'token_uri': credentials.token_uri,
    'client_id': credentials.client_id,
    'client_secret': credentials.client_secret,
    'granted_scopes': credentials.granted_scopes}

  target_url = Google::Auth::WebUserAuthorizer.handle_auth_callback_deferred(request)
  redirect target_url

const url = require('url');

// Receive the callback from Google's OAuth 2.0 server.
app.get('/oauth2callback', async (req, res) => {
  let q = url.parse(req.url, true).query;

  if (q.error) { // An error response e.g. error=access_denied
    console.log('Error:' + q.error);
  } else if (q.state !== req.session.state) { //check state value
    console.log('State mismatch. Possible CSRF attack');
    res.end('State mismatch. Possible CSRF attack');
  } else { // Get access and refresh tokens (if access_type is offline)

    let { tokens } = await oauth2Client.getToken(q.code);
    oauth2Client.setCredentials(tokens);
});

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.googleapis.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

code=4/P7q7W91a-oMsCeLvIaQm6bTrgtp7&
client_id=your_client_id&
client_secret=your_client_secret&
redirect_uri=https%3A//oauth2.example.com/code&
grant_type=authorization_code

{
  "access_token": "1/fFAGRNJru1FTz70BzhT3Zg",
  "expires_in": 3920,
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly",
  "refresh_token": "1//xEoDL4iW3cxlI7yDbSRFYNG01kVKM2C-259HOF2aQbI"
}

// Space-separated string of granted scopes if it exists, otherwise null.
$granted_scopes = $client->getOAuth2Service()->getGrantedScope();

// Determine which scopes user granted and build a dictionary
$granted_scopes_dict = [
  'Drive' => str_contains($granted_scopes, Google\Service\Drive::DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY),
  'Calendar' => str_contains($granted_scopes, Google\Service\Calendar::CALENDAR_READONLY)
];

credentials = flow.credentials
flask.session['credentials'] = {
    'token': credentials.token,
    'refresh_token': credentials.refresh_token,
    'token_uri': credentials.token_uri,
    'client_id': credentials.client_id,
    'client_secret': credentials.client_secret,
    'granted_scopes': credentials.granted_scopes}

def check_granted_scopes(credentials):
  features = {}
  if 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly' in credentials['granted_scopes']:
    features['drive'] = True
  else:
    features['drive'] = False

  if 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly' in credentials['granted_scopes']:
    features['calendar'] = True
  else:
    features['calendar'] = False

  return features

# User authorized the request. Now, check which scopes were granted.
if credentials.scope.include?(Google::Apis::DriveV3::AUTH_DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY)
  # User authorized read-only Drive activity permission.
  # Calling the APIs, etc
else
  # User didn't authorize read-only Drive activity permission.
  # Update UX and application accordingly
end

# Check if user authorized Calendar read permission.
if credentials.scope.include?(Google::Apis::CalendarV3::AUTH_CALENDAR_READONLY)
  # User authorized Calendar read permission.
  # Calling the APIs, etc.
else
  # User didn't authorize Calendar read permission.
  # Update UX and application accordingly
end

// User authorized the request. Now, check which scopes were granted.
if (tokens.scope.includes('https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly'))
{
  // User authorized read-only Drive activity permission.
  // Calling the APIs, etc.
}
else
{
  // User didn't authorize read-only Drive activity permission.
  // Update UX and application accordingly
}

// Check if user authorized Calendar read permission.
if (tokens.scope.includes('https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly'))
{
  // User authorized Calendar read permission.
  // Calling the APIs, etc.
}
else
{
  // User didn't authorize Calendar read permission.
  // Update UX and application accordingly
}

  {
    "access_token": "1/fFAGRNJru1FTz70BzhT3Zg",
    "expires_in": 3920,
    "token_type": "Bearer",
    "scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly",
    "refresh_token": "1//xEoDL4iW3cxlI7yDbSRFYNG01kVKM2C-259HOF2aQbI"
  }

files = drive.list_files(options: { authorization: credentials })

const { google } = require('googleapis');

// Example of using Google Drive API to list filenames in user's Drive.
const drive = google.drive('v3');
drive.files.list({
  auth: oauth2Client,
  pageSize: 10,
  fields: 'nextPageToken, files(id, name)',
}, (err1, res1) => {
  if (err1) return console.log('The API returned an error: ' + err1);
  const files = res1.data.files;
  if (files.length) {
    console.log('Files:');
    files.map((file) => {
      console.log(`${file.name} (${file.id})`);
    });
  } else {
    console.log('No files found.');
  }
});

GET /drive/v2/files HTTP/1.1
Host: www.googleapis.com
Authorization: Bearer access_token

GET https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/files?access_token=access_token

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer access_token" https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/files

curl https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/files?access_token=access_token

<?php
require_once __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';

session_start();

$client = new Google\Client();
$client->setAuthConfig('client_secret.json');

// User granted permission as an access token is in the session.
if (isset($_SESSION['access_token']) && $_SESSION['access_token'])
{
  $client->setAccessToken($_SESSION['access_token']);
  
  // Check if user granted Drive permission
  if ($_SESSION['granted_scopes_dict']['Drive']) {
    echo "Drive feature is enabled.";
    echo "</br>";
    $drive = new Drive($client);
    $files = array();
    $response = $drive->files->listFiles(array());
    foreach ($response->files as $file) {
        echo "File: " . $file->name . " (" . $file->id . ")";
        echo "</br>";
    }
  } else {
    echo "Drive feature is NOT enabled.";
    echo "</br>";
  }

   // Check if user granted Calendar permission
  if ($_SESSION['granted_scopes_dict']['Calendar']) {
    echo "Calendar feature is enabled.";
    echo "</br>";
  } else {
    echo "Calendar feature is NOT enabled.";
    echo "</br>";
  }
}
else
{
  // Redirect users to outh2call.php which redirects users to Google OAuth 2.0
  $redirect_uri = 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/oauth2callback.php';
  header('Location: ' . filter_var($redirect_uri, FILTER_SANITIZE_URL));
}
?>

<?php
require_once __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';

session_start();

$client = new Google\Client();

// Required, call the setAuthConfig function to load authorization credentials from
// client_secret.json file.
$client->setAuthConfigFile('client_secret.json');
$client->setRedirectUri('http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']. $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);

// Required, to set the scope value, call the addScope function.
$client->addScope([Google\Service\Drive::DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY, Google\Service\Calendar::CALENDAR_READONLY]);

// Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
$client->setIncludeGrantedScopes(true);

// Recommended, offline access will give you both an access and refresh token so that
// your app can refresh the access token without user interaction.
$client->setAccessType("offline");

// Generate a URL for authorization as it doesn't contain code and error
if (!isset($_GET['code']) && !isset($_GET['error']))
{
  // Generate and set state value
  $state = bin2hex(random_bytes(16));
  $client->setState($state);
  $_SESSION['state'] = $state;

  // Generate a url that asks permissions.
  $auth_url = $client->createAuthUrl();
  header('Location: ' . filter_var($auth_url, FILTER_SANITIZE_URL));
}

// User authorized the request and authorization code is returned to exchange access and
// refresh tokens.
if (isset($_GET['code']))
{
  // Check the state value
  if (!isset($_GET['state']) || $_GET['state'] !== $_SESSION['state']) {
    die('State mismatch. Possible CSRF attack.');
  }

  // Get access and refresh tokens (if access_type is offline)
  $token = $client->fetchAccessTokenWithAuthCode($_GET['code']);

  /** Save access and refresh token to the session variables.
    * ACTION ITEM: In a production app, you likely want to save the
    *              refresh token in a secure persistent storage instead. */
  $_SESSION['access_token'] = $token;
  $_SESSION['refresh_token'] = $client->getRefreshToken();
  
  // Space-separated string of granted scopes if it exists, otherwise null.
  $granted_scopes = $client->getOAuth2Service()->getGrantedScope();

  // Determine which scopes user granted and build a dictionary
  $granted_scopes_dict = [
    'Drive' => str_contains($granted_scopes, Google\Service\Drive::DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY),
    'Calendar' => str_contains($granted_scopes, Google\Service\Calendar::CALENDAR_READONLY)
  ];
  $_SESSION['granted_scopes_dict'] = $granted_scopes_dict;
  
  $redirect_uri = 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/';
  header('Location: ' . filter_var($redirect_uri, FILTER_SANITIZE_URL));
}

// An error response e.g. error=access_denied
if (isset($_GET['error']))
{
  echo "Error: ". $_GET['error'];
}
?>

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
import flask
import requests

import google.oauth2.credentials
import google_auth_oauthlib.flow
import googleapiclient.discovery

# This variable specifies the name of a file that contains the OAuth 2.0
# information for this application, including its client_id and client_secret.
CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE = "client_secret.json"

# The OAuth 2.0 access scope allows for access to the
# authenticated user's account and requires requests to use an SSL connection.
SCOPES = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly',
          'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly']
API_SERVICE_NAME = 'drive'
API_VERSION = 'v2'

app = flask.Flask(__name__)
# Note: A secret key is included in the sample so that it works.
# If you use this code in your application, replace this with a truly secret
# key. See https://flask.palletsprojects.com/quickstart/#sessions.
app.secret_key = 'REPLACE ME - this value is here as a placeholder.'

@app.route('/')
def index():
  return print_index_table()

@app.route('/drive')
def drive_api_request():
  if 'credentials' not in flask.session:
    return flask.redirect('authorize')

  features = flask.session['features']

  if features['drive']:
    # Load credentials from the session.
    credentials = google.oauth2.credentials.Credentials(
        **flask.session['credentials'])

    drive = googleapiclient.discovery.build(
        API_SERVICE_NAME, API_VERSION, credentials=credentials)

    files = drive.files().list().execute()

    # Save credentials back to session in case access token was refreshed.
    # ACTION ITEM: In a production app, you likely want to save these
    #              credentials in a persistent database instead.
    flask.session['credentials'] = credentials_to_dict(credentials)

    return flask.jsonify(**files)
  else:
    # User didn't authorize read-only Drive activity permission.
    # Update UX and application accordingly
    return '<p>Drive feature is not enabled.</p>'

@app.route('/calendar')
    def calendar_api_request():
      if 'credentials' not in flask.session:
        return flask.redirect('authorize')

      features = flask.session['features']

      if features['calendar']:
        # User authorized Calendar read permission.
        # Calling the APIs, etc.
        return ('<p>User granted the Google Calendar read permission. '+
                'This sample code does not include code to call Calendar</p>')
      else:
        # User didn't authorize Calendar read permission.
        # Update UX and application accordingly
        return '<p>Calendar feature is not enabled.</p>'

@app.route('/authorize')
def authorize():
  # Create flow instance to manage the OAuth 2.0 Authorization Grant Flow steps.
  flow = google_auth_oauthlib.flow.Flow.from_client_secrets_file(
      CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE, scopes=SCOPES)

  # The URI created here must exactly match one of the authorized redirect URIs
  # for the OAuth 2.0 client, which you configured in the API Console. If this
  # value doesn't match an authorized URI, you will get a 'redirect_uri_mismatch'
  # error.
  flow.redirect_uri = flask.url_for('oauth2callback', _external=True)

  authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
      # Enable offline access so that you can refresh an access token without
      # re-prompting the user for permission. Recommended for web server apps.
      access_type='offline',
      # Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
      include_granted_scopes='true')

  # Store the state so the callback can verify the auth server response.
  flask.session['state'] = state

  return flask.redirect(authorization_url)

@app.route('/oauth2callback')
def oauth2callback():
  # Specify the state when creating the flow in the callback so that it can
  # verified in the authorization server response.
  state = flask.session['state']

  flow = google_auth_oauthlib.flow.Flow.from_client_secrets_file(
      CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE, scopes=SCOPES, state=state)
  flow.redirect_uri = flask.url_for('oauth2callback', _external=True)

  # Use the authorization server's response to fetch the OAuth 2.0 tokens.
  authorization_response = flask.request.url
  flow.fetch_token(authorization_response=authorization_response)

  # Store credentials in the session.
  # ACTION ITEM: In a production app, you likely want to save these
  #              credentials in a persistent database instead.
  credentials = flow.credentials
  
  credentials = credentials_to_dict(credentials)
  flask.session['credentials'] = credentials

  # Check which scopes user granted
  features = check_granted_scopes(credentials)
  flask.session['features'] = features
  return flask.redirect('/')
  

@app.route('/revoke')
def revoke():
  if 'credentials' not in flask.session:
    return ('You need to <a href="/authorize">authorize</a> before ' +
            'testing the code to revoke credentials.')

  credentials = google.oauth2.credentials.Credentials(
    **flask.session['credentials'])

  revoke = requests.post('https://oauth2.googleapis.com/revoke',
      params={'token': credentials.token},
      headers = {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'})

  status_code = getattr(revoke, 'status_code')
  if status_code == 200:
    return('Credentials successfully revoked.' + print_index_table())
  else:
    return('An error occurred.' + print_index_table())

@app.route('/clear')
def clear_credentials():
  if 'credentials' in flask.session:
    del flask.session['credentials']
  return ('Credentials have been cleared.<br><br>' +
          print_index_table())

def credentials_to_dict(credentials):
  return {'token': credentials.token,
          'refresh_token': credentials.refresh_token,
          'token_uri': credentials.token_uri,
          'client_id': credentials.client_id,
          'client_secret': credentials.client_secret,
          'granted_scopes': credentials.granted_scopes}

def check_granted_scopes(credentials):
  features = {}
  if 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly' in credentials['granted_scopes']:
    features['drive'] = True
  else:
    features['drive'] = False

  if 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly' in credentials['granted_scopes']:
    features['calendar'] = True
  else:
    features['calendar'] = False

  return features

def print_index_table():
  return ('<table>' +
          '<tr><td><a href="/test">Test an API request</a></td>' +
          '<td>Submit an API request and see a formatted JSON response. ' +
          '    Go through the authorization flow if there are no stored ' +
          '    credentials for the user.</td></tr>' +
          '<tr><td><a href="/authorize">Test the auth flow directly</a></td>' +
          '<td>Go directly to the authorization flow. If there are stored ' +
          '    credentials, you still might not be prompted to reauthorize ' +
          '    the application.</td></tr>' +
          '<tr><td><a href="/revoke">Revoke current credentials</a></td>' +
          '<td>Revoke the access token associated with the current user ' +
          '    session. After revoking credentials, if you go to the test ' +
          '    page, you should see an <code>invalid_grant</code> error.' +
          '</td></tr>' +
          '<tr><td><a href="/clear">Clear Flask session credentials</a></td>' +
          '<td>Clear the access token currently stored in the user session. ' +
          '    After clearing the token, if you <a href="/test">test the ' +
          '    API request</a> again, you should go back to the auth flow.' +
          '</td></tr></table>')

if __name__ == '__main__':
  # When running locally, disable OAuthlib's HTTPs verification.
  # ACTION ITEM for developers:
  #     When running in production *do not* leave this option enabled.
  os.environ['OAUTHLIB_INSECURE_TRANSPORT'] = '1'

  # This disables the requested scopes and granted scopes check.
  # If users only grant partial request, the warning would not be thrown.
  os.environ['OAUTHLIB_RELAX_TOKEN_SCOPE'] = '1'

  # Specify a hostname and port that are set as a valid redirect URI
  # for your API project in the .
  app.run('localhost', 8080, debug=True)

require 'googleauth'
require 'googleauth/web_user_authorizer'
require 'googleauth/stores/redis_token_store'

require 'google/apis/drive_v3'
require 'google/apis/calendar_v3'

require 'sinatra'

configure do
  enable :sessions

  # Required, call the from_file method to retrieve the client ID from a
  # client_secret.json file.
  set :client_id, Google::Auth::ClientId.from_file('/path/to/client_secret.json')

  # Required, scope value
  # Access scopes for two non-Sign-In scopes: Read-only Drive activity and Google Calendar.
  scope = ['Google::Apis::DriveV3::AUTH_DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY',
           'Google::Apis::CalendarV3::AUTH_CALENDAR_READONLY']

  # Required, Authorizers require a storage instance to manage long term persistence of
  # access and refresh tokens.
  set :token_store, Google::Auth::Stores::RedisTokenStore.new(redis: Redis.new)

  # Required, indicate where the API server will redirect the user after the user completes
  # the authorization flow. The redirect URI is required. The value must exactly
  # match one of the authorized redirect URIs for the OAuth 2.0 client, which you
  # configured in the API Console. If this value doesn't match an authorized URI,
  # you will get a 'redirect_uri_mismatch' error.
  set :callback_uri, '/oauth2callback'

  # To use OAuth2 authentication, we need access to a CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET, AND REDIRECT_URI
  # from the client_secret.json file. To get these credentials for your application, visit
  # https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials.
  set :authorizer, Google::Auth::WebUserAuthorizer.new(settings.client_id, settings.scope,
                          settings.token_store, callback_uri: settings.callback_uri)
end

get '/' do
  # NOTE: Assumes the user is already authenticated to the app
  user_id = request.session['user_id']

  # Fetch stored credentials for the user from the given request session.
  # nil if none present
  credentials = settings.authorizer.get_credentials(user_id, request)

  if credentials.nil?
    # Generate a url that asks the user to authorize requested scope(s).
    # Then, redirect user to the url.
    redirect settings.authorizer.get_authorization_url(request: request)
  end
  
  # User authorized the request. Now, check which scopes were granted.
  if credentials.scope.include?(Google::Apis::DriveV3::AUTH_DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY)
    # User authorized read-only Drive activity permission.
    # Example of using Google Drive API to list filenames in user's Drive.
    drive = Google::Apis::DriveV3::DriveService.new
    files = drive.list_files(options: { authorization: credentials })
    "<pre>#{JSON.pretty_generate(files.to_h)}</pre>"
  else
    # User didn't authorize read-only Drive activity permission.
    # Update UX and application accordingly
  end

  # Check if user authorized Calendar read permission.
  if credentials.scope.include?(Google::Apis::CalendarV3::AUTH_CALENDAR_READONLY)
    # User authorized Calendar read permission.
    # Calling the APIs, etc.
  else
    # User didn't authorize Calendar read permission.
    # Update UX and application accordingly
  end
end

# Receive the callback from Google's OAuth 2.0 server.
get '/oauth2callback' do
  # Handle the result of the oauth callback. Defers the exchange of the code by
  # temporarily stashing the results in the user's session.
  target_url = Google::Auth::WebUserAuthorizer.handle_auth_callback_deferred(request)
  redirect target_url
end

const http = require('http');
const https = require('https');
const url = require('url');
const { google } = require('googleapis');
const crypto = require('crypto');
const express = require('express');
const session = require('express-session');

/**
 * To use OAuth2 authentication, we need access to a CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET, AND REDIRECT_URI.
 * To get these credentials for your application, visit
 * https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials.
 */
const oauth2Client = new google.auth.OAuth2(
  YOUR_CLIENT_ID,
  YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET,
  YOUR_REDIRECT_URL
);

// Access scopes for two non-Sign-In scopes: Read-only Drive activity and Google Calendar.
const scopes = [
  'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly',
  'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly'
];

/* Global variable that stores user credential in this code example.
 * ACTION ITEM for developers:
 *   Store user's refresh token in your data store if
 *   incorporating this code into your real app.
 *   For more information on handling refresh tokens,
 *   see https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-nodejs-client#handling-refresh-tokens
 */
let userCredential = null;

async function main() {
  const app = express();

  app.use(session({
    secret: 'your_secure_secret_key', // Replace with a strong secret
    resave: false,
    saveUninitialized: false,
  }));

  // Example on redirecting user to Google's OAuth 2.0 server.
  app.get('/', async (req, res) => {
    // Generate a secure random state value.
    const state = crypto.randomBytes(32).toString('hex');
    // Store state in the session
    req.session.state = state;

    // Generate a url that asks permissions for the Drive activity and Google Calendar scope
    const authorizationUrl = oauth2Client.generateAuthUrl({
      // 'online' (default) or 'offline' (gets refresh_token)
      access_type: 'offline',
      /** Pass in the scopes array defined above.
        * Alternatively, if only one scope is needed, you can pass a scope URL as a string */
      scope: scopes,
      // Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
      include_granted_scopes: true,
      // Include the state parameter to reduce the risk of CSRF attacks.
      state: state
    });

    res.redirect(authorizationUrl);
  });

  // Receive the callback from Google's OAuth 2.0 server.
  app.get('/oauth2callback', async (req, res) => {
    // Handle the OAuth 2.0 server response
    let q = url.parse(req.url, true).query;

    if (q.error) { // An error response e.g. error=access_denied
      console.log('Error:' + q.error);
    } else if (q.state !== req.session.state) { //check state value
      console.log('State mismatch. Possible CSRF attack');
      res.end('State mismatch. Possible CSRF attack');
    } else { // Get access and refresh tokens (if access_type is offline)
      let { tokens } = await oauth2Client.getToken(q.code);
      oauth2Client.setCredentials(tokens);

      /** Save credential to the global variable in case access token was refreshed.
        * ACTION ITEM: In a production app, you likely want to save the refresh token
        *              in a secure persistent database instead. */
      userCredential = tokens;
      
      // User authorized the request. Now, check which scopes were granted.
      if (tokens.scope.includes('https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly'))
      {
        // User authorized read-only Drive activity permission.
        // Example of using Google Drive API to list filenames in user's Drive.
        const drive = google.drive('v3');
        drive.files.list({
          auth: oauth2Client,
          pageSize: 10,
          fields: 'nextPageToken, files(id, name)',
        }, (err1, res1) => {
          if (err1) return console.log('The API returned an error: ' + err1);
          const files = res1.data.files;
          if (files.length) {
            console.log('Files:');
            files.map((file) => {
              console.log(`${file.name} (${file.id})`);
            });
          } else {
            console.log('No files found.');
          }
        });
      }
      else
      {
        // User didn't authorize read-only Drive activity permission.
        // Update UX and application accordingly
      }

      // Check if user authorized Calendar read permission.
      if (tokens.scope.includes('https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly'))
      {
        // User authorized Calendar read permission.
        // Calling the APIs, etc.
      }
      else
      {
        // User didn't authorize Calendar read permission.
        // Update UX and application accordingly
      }
    }
  });

  // Example on revoking a token
  app.get('/revoke', async (req, res) => {
    // Build the string for the POST request
    let postData = "token=" + userCredential.access_token;

    // Options for POST request to Google's OAuth 2.0 server to revoke a token
    let postOptions = {
      host: 'oauth2.googleapis.com',
      port: '443',
      path: '/revoke',
      method: 'POST',
      headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
        'Content-Length': Buffer.byteLength(postData)
      }
    };

    // Set up the request
    const postReq = https.request(postOptions, function (res) {
      res.setEncoding('utf8');
      res.on('data', d => {
        console.log('Response: ' + d);
      });
    });

    postReq.on('error', error => {
      console.log(error)
    });

    // Post the request with data
    postReq.write(postData);
    postReq.end();
  });


  const server = http.createServer(app);
  server.listen(8080);
}
main().catch(console.error);

import json
import flask
import requests

app = flask.Flask(__name__)

# To get these credentials (CLIENT_ID CLIENT_SECRET) and for your application, visit
# https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials.
CLIENT_ID = '123456789.apps.googleusercontent.com'
CLIENT_SECRET = 'abc123'  # Read from a file or environmental variable in a real app

# Access scopes for two non-Sign-In scopes: Read-only Drive activity and Google Calendar.
SCOPE = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly'

# Indicate where the API server will redirect the user after the user completes
# the authorization flow. The redirect URI is required. The value must exactly
# match one of the authorized redirect URIs for the OAuth 2.0 client, which you
# configured in the API Console. If this value doesn't match an authorized URI,
# you will get a 'redirect_uri_mismatch' error.
REDIRECT_URI = 'http://example.com/oauth2callback'

@app.route('/')
def index():
  if 'credentials' not in flask.session:
    return flask.redirect(flask.url_for('oauth2callback'))

  credentials = json.loads(flask.session['credentials'])

  if credentials['expires_in'] <= 0:
    return flask.redirect(flask.url_for('oauth2callback'))
  else: 
    # User authorized the request. Now, check which scopes were granted.
    if 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly' in credentials['scope']:
      # User authorized read-only Drive activity permission.
      # Example of using Google Drive API to list filenames in user's Drive.
      headers = {'Authorization': 'Bearer {}'.format(credentials['access_token'])}
      req_uri = 'https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/files'
      r = requests.get(req_uri, headers=headers).text
    else:
      # User didn't authorize read-only Drive activity permission.
      # Update UX and application accordingly
      r = 'User did not authorize Drive permission.'

    # Check if user authorized Calendar read permission.
    if 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly' in credentials['scope']:
      # User authorized Calendar read permission.
      # Calling the APIs, etc.
      r += 'User authorized Calendar permission.'
    else:
      # User didn't authorize Calendar read permission.
      # Update UX and application accordingly
      r += 'User did not authorize Calendar permission.'

  return r

@app.route('/oauth2callback')
def oauth2callback():
  if 'code' not in flask.request.args:
    state = str(uuid.uuid4())
    flask.session['state'] = state
    # Generate a url that asks permissions for the Drive activity
    # and Google Calendar scope. Then, redirect user to the url.
    auth_uri = ('https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?response_type=code'
                '&client_id={}&redirect_uri={}&scope={}&state={}').format(CLIENT_ID, REDIRECT_URI,
                                                                          SCOPE, state)
    return flask.redirect(auth_uri)
  else:
    if 'state' not in flask.request.args or flask.request.args['state'] != flask.session['state']:
      return 'State mismatch. Possible CSRF attack.', 400

    auth_code = flask.request.args.get('code')
    data = {'code': auth_code,
            'client_id': CLIENT_ID,
            'client_secret': CLIENT_SECRET,
            'redirect_uri': REDIRECT_URI,
            'grant_type': 'authorization_code'}

    # Exchange authorization code for access and refresh tokens (if access_type is offline)
    r = requests.post('https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token', data=data)
    flask.session['credentials'] = r.text
    return flask.redirect(flask.url_for('index'))

if __name__ == '__main__':
  import uuid
  app.secret_key = str(uuid.uuid4())
  app.debug = False
  app.run()

$client->setIncludeGrantedScopes(true);

authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
    # Enable offline access so that you can refresh an access token without
    # re-prompting the user for permission. Recommended for web server apps.
    access_type='offline',
    # Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
    include_granted_scopes='true')

auth_client.update!(
  :additional_parameters => {"include_granted_scopes" => "true"}
)

const authorizationUrl = oauth2Client.generateAuthUrl({
  // 'online' (default) or 'offline' (gets refresh_token)
  access_type: 'offline',
  /** Pass in the scopes array defined above.
    * Alternatively, if only one scope is needed, you can pass a scope URL as a string */
  scope: scopes,
  // Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
  include_granted_scopes: true
});

GET https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?
  client_id=your_client_id&
  response_type=code&
  state=state_parameter_passthrough_value&
  scope=https%3A//www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly%20https%3A//www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly&
  redirect_uri=https%3A//oauth2.example.com/code&
  prompt=consent&
  include_granted_scopes=true

$client->setAccessType("offline");

authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
    # Enable offline access so that you can refresh an access token without
    # re-prompting the user for permission. Recommended for web server apps.
    access_type='offline',
    # Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
    include_granted_scopes='true')

auth_client.update!(
  :additional_parameters => {"access_type" => "offline"}
)

const authorizationUrl = oauth2Client.generateAuthUrl({
  // 'online' (default) or 'offline' (gets refresh_token)
  access_type: 'offline',
  /** Pass in the scopes array defined above.
    * Alternatively, if only one scope is needed, you can pass a scope URL as a string */
  scope: scopes,
  // Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
  include_granted_scopes: true
});

oauth2Client.on('tokens', (tokens) => {
  if (tokens.refresh_token) {
    // store the refresh_token in your secure persistent database
    console.log(tokens.refresh_token);
  }
  console.log(tokens.access_token);
});

oauth2Client.setCredentials({
  refresh_token: `STORED_REFRESH_TOKEN`
});

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.googleapis.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

client_id=your_client_id&
client_secret=your_client_secret&
refresh_token=refresh_token&
grant_type=refresh_token

{
  "access_token": "1/fFAGRNJru1FTz70BzhT3Zg",
  "expires_in": 3920,
  "scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly",
  "token_type": "Bearer"
}

$client->revokeToken();

requests.post('https://oauth2.googleapis.com/revoke',
    params={'token': credentials.token},
    headers = {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'})

uri = URI('https://oauth2.googleapis.com/revoke')
response = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'token' => auth_client.access_token)

const https = require('https');

// Build the string for the POST request
let postData = "token=" + userCredential.access_token;

// Options for POST request to Google's OAuth 2.0 server to revoke a token
let postOptions = {
  host: 'oauth2.googleapis.com',
  port: '443',
  path: '/revoke',
  method: 'POST',
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
    'Content-Length': Buffer.byteLength(postData)
  }
};

// Set up the request
const postReq = https.request(postOptions, function (res) {
  res.setEncoding('utf8');
  res.on('data', d => {
    console.log('Response: ' + d);
  });
});

postReq.on('error', error => {
  console.log(error)
});

// Post the request with data
postReq.write(postData);
postReq.end();

curl -d -X -POST --header "Content-type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
        https://oauth2.googleapis.com/revoke?token={token}