Obtenir des jetons d'autorisation
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Qu'est-ce qu'un jeton ?
Fleet Engine exige l'utilisation de jetons Web JSON (JWT) pour les appels de méthodes d'API à partir d'environnements à faible niveau de confiance : smartphones et navigateurs.
Un jeton JWT est généré sur votre serveur, signé, chiffré et transmis au client pour les interactions ultérieures avec le serveur, jusqu'à ce qu'il expire ou ne soit plus valide.
Détails importants
Pour en savoir plus sur les jetons Web JSON, consultez Jeton Web JSON dans Principes de base de Fleet Engine.
Comment les clients obtiennent-ils des jetons ?
Une fois qu'un chauffeur ou un consommateur se connecte à votre application à l'aide des identifiants d'authentification appropriés, toutes les mises à jour émises à partir de cet appareil doivent utiliser les jetons d'autorisation appropriés, qui communiquent à Fleet Engine les autorisations de l'application.
En tant que développeur, l'implémentation de votre client doit permettre d'effectuer les opérations suivantes :
- Récupérez un jeton Web JSON depuis votre serveur.
- Réutilisez le jeton jusqu'à son expiration pour minimiser les actualisations de jeton.
- Actualisez le jeton lorsqu'il expire.
Le protocole GMTDAuthorization
récupère les jetons Web JSON au moment de la mise à jour de la position en fonction de l'objet GMTD AuthorizationContext
. Le SDK doit regrouper les jetons avec les informations de mise à jour à envoyer à Fleet Engine.
Assurez-vous que votre implémentation côté serveur peut émettre des jetons avant d'initialiser le SDK.
Pour en savoir plus sur les jetons attendus par Fleet Engine, consultez Émettre des jetons Web JSON pour Fleet Engine.
L'ID du fournisseur est identique à l'ID du projet de votre projet Google Cloud. Pour savoir comment configurer le projet Google Cloud, consultez Créer votre projet Fleet Engine.
Exemple de récupérateur de jetons d'authentification
L'exemple suivant montre une implémentation du protocole GMTDAuthorization
.
Swift
import GoogleRidesharingDriver
private let providerURL = "INSERT_YOUR_TOKEN_PROVIDER_URL"
class SampleAccessTokenProvider: NSObject, GMTDAuthorization {
private struct AuthToken {
// The cached vehicle token.
let token: String
// Keep track of when the token expires for caching.
let expiration: TimeInterval
// Keep track of the vehicle ID the cached token is for.
let vehicleID: String
}
enum AccessTokenError: Error {
case missingAuthorizationContext
case missingData
}
private var authToken: AuthToken?
func fetchToken(
with authorizationContext: GMTDAuthorizationContext?,
completion: @escaping GMTDAuthTokenFetchCompletionHandler
) {
// Get the vehicle ID from the authorizationContext. This is set by the Driver SDK.
guard let authorizationContext = authorizationContext else {
completion(nil, AccessTokenError.missingAuthorizationContext)
return
}
let vehicleID = authorizationContext.vehicleID
// If appropriate, use the cached token.
if let authToken = authToken,
authToken.expiration > Date.now.timeIntervalSince1970 && authToken.vehicleID == vehicleID
{
completion(authToken.token, nil)
return
}
// Otherwise, try to fetch a new token from your server.
let request = URLRequest(url: URL(string: providerURL))
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { [weak self] data, _, error in
guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
guard error == nil else {
completion(nil, error)
return
}
// Replace the following key values with the appropriate keys based on your
// server's expected response.
let vehicleTokenKey = "VEHICLE_TOKEN_KEY"
let tokenExpirationKey = "TOKEN_EXPIRATION"
guard let data = data,
let fetchData = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data) as? [String: Any],
let token = fetchData[vehicleTokenKey] as? String,
let expiration = fetchData[tokenExpirationKey] as? Double
else {
completion(nil, AccessTokenError.missingData)
return
}
strongSelf.authToken = AuthToken(
token: token, expiration: expiration, vehicleID: vehicleID)
completion(token, nil)
}
task.resume()
}
}
Objective-C
#import "SampleAccessTokenProvider.h"
#import <GoogleRidesharingDriver/GoogleRidesharingDriver.h>
// SampleAccessTokenProvider.h
@interface SampleAccessTokenProvider : NSObject<GMTDAuthorization>
@end
static NSString *const PROVIDER_URL = @"INSERT_YOUR_TOKEN_PROVIDER_URL";
// SampleAccessTokenProvider.m
@implementation SampleAccessTokenProvider{
// The cached vehicle token.
NSString *_cachedVehicleToken;
// Keep track of the vehicle ID the cached token is for.
NSString *_lastKnownVehicleID;
// Keep track of when tokens expire for caching.
NSTimeInterval _tokenExpiration;
}
- (void)fetchTokenWithContext:(nullable GMTDAuthorizationContext *)authorizationContext
completion:(nonnull GMTDAuthTokenFetchCompletionHandler)completion {
if (!completion) {
NSAssert(NO, @"%s encountered an unexpected nil completion.", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
return;
}
// Get the vehicle ID from the authorizationContext. This is set by the Driver SDK.
NSString *vehicleID = authorizationContext.vehicleID;
if (!vehicleID) {
NSAssert(NO, @"Vehicle ID is missing from authorizationContext.");
return;
}
// Clear cached vehicle token if vehicle ID has changed.
if (![_lastKnownVehicleID isEqual:vehicleID]) {
_tokenExpiration = 0.0;
_cachedVehicleToken = nil;
}
_lastKnownVehicleID = vehicleID;
// Clear cached vehicletoken if it has expired.
if ([[NSDate date] timeIntervalSince1970] > _tokenExpiration) {
_cachedVehicleToken = nil;
}
// If appropriate, use the cached token.
if (_cachedVehicleToken) {
completion(_cachedVehicleToken, nil);
return;
}
// Otherwise, try to fetch a new token from your server.
NSURL *requestURL = [NSURL URLWithString:PROVIDER_URL];
NSMutableURLRequest *request =
[[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:requestURL];
request.HTTPMethod = @"GET";
// Replace the following key values with the appropriate keys based on your
// server's expected response.
NSString *vehicleTokenKey = @"VEHICLE_TOKEN_KEY";
NSString *tokenExpirationKey = @"TOKEN_EXPIRATION";
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
void (^handler)(NSData *_Nullable data, NSURLResponse *_Nullable response,
NSError *_Nullable error) =
^(NSData *_Nullable data, NSURLResponse *_Nullable response, NSError *_Nullable error) {
typeof(self) strongSelf = weakSelf;
if (error) {
completion(nil, error);
return;
}
NSError *JSONError;
NSMutableDictionary *JSONResponse =
[NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:kNilOptions error:&JSONError];
if (JSONError) {
completion(nil, JSONError);
return;
} else {
// Sample code only. No validation logic.
id expirationData = JSONResponse[tokenExpirationKey];
if ([expirationData isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {
NSTimeInterval expirationTime = ((NSNumber *)expirationData).doubleValue;
strongSelf->_tokenExpiration = [[NSDate date] timeIntervalSince1970] + expirationTime;
}
strongSelf->_cachedVehicleToken = JSONResponse[vehicleTokenKey];
completion(JSONResponse[vehicleTokenKey], nil);
}
};
NSURLSessionConfiguration *config = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
NSURLSession *mainQueueURLSession =
[NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:config delegate:nil
delegateQueue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue]];
NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [mainQueueURLSession dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:handler];
[task resume];
}
@end
Étape suivante
Initialiser le Driver SDK
Sauf indication contraire, le contenu de cette page est régi par une licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0, et les échantillons de code sont régis par une licence Apache 2.0. Pour en savoir plus, consultez les Règles du site Google Developers. Java est une marque déposée d'Oracle et/ou de ses sociétés affiliées.
Dernière mise à jour le 2025/08/31 (UTC).
[null,null,["Dernière mise à jour le 2025/08/31 (UTC)."],[[["\u003cp\u003eFleet Engine utilizes JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) for API method calls originating from low-trust environments like smartphones and browsers, ensuring secure communication.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYour backend server, a trusted environment, generates and signs these JWTs, which are then passed to clients for server interactions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eClients, such as driver or consumer apps, need to fetch, reuse, and refresh these JWTs to maintain authorized access to Fleet Engine functionalities.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe provided code examples demonstrate how to implement a token fetcher using the \u003ccode\u003eGMTDAuthorization\u003c/code\u003e protocol in Swift and Objective-C for iOS applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Get authorization tokens\n\nWhat is a token?\n----------------\n\nFleet Engine requires the use of **JSON Web Tokens** (JWTs) for API method calls\nfrom **low-trust environments**: smartphones and browsers.\n\nA JWT originates on your server, is signed, encrypted, and passed to the client\nfor subsequent server interactions until it expires or is no longer valid.\n\n**Key details**\n\n- Use [Application Default Credentials](https://google.aip.dev/auth/4110) to authenticate and authorize against Fleet Engine.\n- Use an appropriate service account to sign JWTs. See [Fleet Engine serviceaccount](/maps/documentation/mobility/fleet-engine/essentials/set-up-fleet/service-accounts#fleet_engine_service_account_roles) roles in **Fleet Engine Basics**.\n\nFor more information about JSON Web Tokens, see [JSON Web Tokens](/maps/documentation/mobility/fleet-engine/essentials/set-up-fleet/jwt) in\n**Fleet Engine Essentials**.\n\nHow clients get tokens?\n-----------------------\n\nOnce a driver or consumer logs in to your app using the appropriate\nauthentication credentials, any updates issued from that device must use\nappropriate authorization tokens, which communicates to Fleet Engine the\npermissions for the app.\n\nAs the developer, your client implementation should provide the ability to\ndo the following:\n\n- Fetch a JSON Web Token from your server.\n- Reuse the token until it expires to minimize token refreshes.\n- Refresh the token when it expires.\n\nThe `GMTDAuthorization` protocol fetches JSON Web tokens at location update time\nbased on the `GMTD AuthorizationContext` object. The SDK\nmust package the tokens with the update information to send to Fleet Engine.\nMake sure that your server-side implementation can issue tokens before\ninitializing the SDK.\n\nFor details of the tokens expected by Fleet Engine, see\n[Issue JSON Web Tokens](/maps/documentation/mobility/fleet-engine/essentials/set-up-fleet/issue-jwt) for Fleet Engine.\n\nThe providerID is the same as the **Project ID** of your Google Cloud\nProject. For information on setting up the Google Cloud Project, see\n[Create your Fleet Engine project](/maps/documentation/mobility/fleet-engine/essentials/set-up-fleet/create-project).\n\nExample of an authentication token fetcher\n------------------------------------------\n\nThe following example shows an implementation of the `GMTDAuthorization`\nprotocol. \n\n### Swift\n\n import GoogleRidesharingDriver\n\n private let providerURL = \"INSERT_YOUR_TOKEN_PROVIDER_URL\"\n\n class SampleAccessTokenProvider: NSObject, GMTDAuthorization {\n private struct AuthToken {\n // The cached vehicle token.\n let token: String\n // Keep track of when the token expires for caching.\n let expiration: TimeInterval\n // Keep track of the vehicle ID the cached token is for.\n let vehicleID: String\n }\n\n enum AccessTokenError: Error {\n case missingAuthorizationContext\n case missingData\n }\n\n private var authToken: AuthToken?\n\n func fetchToken(\n with authorizationContext: GMTDAuthorizationContext?,\n completion: @escaping GMTDAuthTokenFetchCompletionHandler\n ) {\n // Get the vehicle ID from the authorizationContext. This is set by the Driver SDK.\n guard let authorizationContext = authorizationContext else {\n completion(nil, AccessTokenError.missingAuthorizationContext)\n return\n }\n let vehicleID = authorizationContext.vehicleID\n\n // If appropriate, use the cached token.\n if let authToken = authToken,\n authToken.expiration \u003e Date.now.timeIntervalSince1970 && authToken.vehicleID == vehicleID\n {\n completion(authToken.token, nil)\n return\n }\n\n // Otherwise, try to fetch a new token from your server.\n let request = URLRequest(url: URL(string: providerURL))\n let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { [weak self] data, _, error in\n guard let strongSelf = self else { return }\n guard error == nil else {\n completion(nil, error)\n return\n }\n\n // Replace the following key values with the appropriate keys based on your\n // server's expected response.\n let vehicleTokenKey = \"VEHICLE_TOKEN_KEY\"\n let tokenExpirationKey = \"TOKEN_EXPIRATION\"\n guard let data = data,\n let fetchData = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data) as? [String: Any],\n let token = fetchData[vehicleTokenKey] as? String,\n let expiration = fetchData[tokenExpirationKey] as? Double\n else {\n completion(nil, AccessTokenError.missingData)\n return\n }\n\n strongSelf.authToken = AuthToken(\n token: token, expiration: expiration, vehicleID: vehicleID)\n completion(token, nil)\n }\n task.resume()\n }\n }\n\n### Objective-C\n\n #import \"SampleAccessTokenProvider.h\"\n #import \u003cGoogleRidesharingDriver/GoogleRidesharingDriver.h\u003e\n\n // SampleAccessTokenProvider.h\n @interface SampleAccessTokenProvider : NSObject\u003cGMTDAuthorization\u003e\n @end\n\n static NSString *const PROVIDER_URL = @\"INSERT_YOUR_TOKEN_PROVIDER_URL\";\n\n // SampleAccessTokenProvider.m\n @implementation SampleAccessTokenProvider{\n // The cached vehicle token.\n NSString *_cachedVehicleToken;\n // Keep track of the vehicle ID the cached token is for.\n NSString *_lastKnownVehicleID;\n // Keep track of when tokens expire for caching.\n NSTimeInterval _tokenExpiration;\n }\n\n - (void)fetchTokenWithContext:(nullable GMTDAuthorizationContext *)authorizationContext\n completion:(nonnull GMTDAuthTokenFetchCompletionHandler)completion {\n\n if (!completion) {\n NSAssert(NO, @\"%s encountered an unexpected nil completion.\", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);\n return;\n }\n\n // Get the vehicle ID from the authorizationContext. This is set by the Driver SDK.\n NSString *vehicleID = authorizationContext.vehicleID;\n if (!vehicleID) {\n NSAssert(NO, @\"Vehicle ID is missing from authorizationContext.\");\n return;\n }\n\n // Clear cached vehicle token if vehicle ID has changed.\n if (![_lastKnownVehicleID isEqual:vehicleID]) {\n _tokenExpiration = 0.0;\n _cachedVehicleToken = nil;\n }\n _lastKnownVehicleID = vehicleID;\n\n // Clear cached vehicletoken if it has expired.\n if ([[NSDate date] timeIntervalSince1970] \u003e _tokenExpiration) {\n _cachedVehicleToken = nil;\n }\n\n // If appropriate, use the cached token.\n if (_cachedVehicleToken) {\n completion(_cachedVehicleToken, nil);\n return;\n }\n // Otherwise, try to fetch a new token from your server.\n NSURL *requestURL = [NSURL URLWithString:PROVIDER_URL];\n NSMutableURLRequest *request =\n [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:requestURL];\n request.HTTPMethod = @\"GET\";\n // Replace the following key values with the appropriate keys based on your\n // server's expected response.\n NSString *vehicleTokenKey = @\"VEHICLE_TOKEN_KEY\";\n NSString *tokenExpirationKey = @\"TOKEN_EXPIRATION\";\n __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;\n void (^handler)(NSData *_Nullable data, NSURLResponse *_Nullable response,\n NSError *_Nullable error) =\n ^(NSData *_Nullable data, NSURLResponse *_Nullable response, NSError *_Nullable error) {\n typeof(self) strongSelf = weakSelf;\n if (error) {\n completion(nil, error);\n return;\n }\n\n NSError *JSONError;\n NSMutableDictionary *JSONResponse =\n [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:kNilOptions error:&JSONError];\n\n if (JSONError) {\n completion(nil, JSONError);\n return;\n } else {\n // Sample code only. No validation logic.\n id expirationData = JSONResponse[tokenExpirationKey];\n if ([expirationData isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {\n NSTimeInterval expirationTime = ((NSNumber *)expirationData).doubleValue;\n strongSelf-\u003e_tokenExpiration = [[NSDate date] timeIntervalSince1970] + expirationTime;\n }\n strongSelf-\u003e_cachedVehicleToken = JSONResponse[vehicleTokenKey];\n completion(JSONResponse[vehicleTokenKey], nil);\n }\n };\n NSURLSessionConfiguration *config = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];\n NSURLSession *mainQueueURLSession =\n [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:config delegate:nil\n delegateQueue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue]];\n NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [mainQueueURLSession dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:handler];\n [task resume];\n }\n\n @end\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n[Initialize the Driver SDK](/maps/documentation/mobility/driver-sdk/on-demand/ios/initialize-sdk)"]]