Google 會運用 AI 技術將內容翻譯成你偏好的語言，但可能會出錯。

即時道路資料

即時道路資料可提供所選路線的路況和事件最新資訊，支援動態監控和快速應變。這類資料與 BigQuery 中定期收集的資料不同，適合需要即時資訊的情境。

這類資料會持續串流，包括行程時間 (表示路線上的行程時間) 和車速讀取間隔 (顯示路線上的車流密度)。

如要存取即時道路資料，合約必須包含 Real-Time Operations 套件。

建立行程時間和速度讀取間隔 Pub/Sub 訂閱項目

我們會提供專屬的 Google Cloud Pub/Sub 主題，您可以在這些主題中訂閱所有已建立路線的即時資料。

下列程式碼範例顯示使用二進位編碼的主題格式：

projects/maps-platform-roads-management/topics/rmi-roadsinformation-PROJECT_NUMBER

我們也提供另一個使用 JSON 編碼的主題 (後置字串為 -json)。您必須訂閱提供給您的 Pub/Sub 主題，才能接收即時資料訊息。如要快速瞭解如何訂閱及取用 Cloud Pub/Sub 主題的訊息，請參閱「訂閱主題」。

行程時間和速度讀取間隔結構定義

每則即時資料訊息都包含下列資料：

道路詳細資料，例如 duration_in_seconds、static_duration_in_seconds、speed_reading_offsets (以偏移量為基礎的速限讀取間隔)、retrieval_timestamp 和 has_road_closure。
路徑 ID，例如 selected_route_id 和 display_name。

每則訊息都會按照下列 Protobuf 格式發布。

syntax = "proto3";

// Contains the road information like travel duration and speed reading
// intervals for a selected route.
message RoadsInformation {
  // Legacy message. May stop being populated on or after November 9, 2026.
  // Use top-level duration_in_seconds and static_duration_in_seconds instead.
  message TravelDuration {
    // The duration of travel through the route based on current road
    // conditions.
    float duration_in_seconds = 1;
    // The duration of travel through the route without taking road
    // conditions into consideration.
    float static_duration_in_seconds = 2;
  }
  message Timestamp {
    // Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch
    // 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
    // 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive.
    int64 seconds = 1;

    // Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative
    // second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values
    // that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999
    // inclusive.
    int32 nanos = 2;
  }
  // Legacy message representing the latitude and longitude of a coordinate
  // within a coordinate-based speed reading interval.
  message LatLng {
    float latitude = 1;
    float longitude = 2;
  }
  // Legacy coordinate-based speed reading interval message. May stop being
  // populated on or after November 9, 2026. Use SpeedReadingOffset instead.
  message SpeedReadingInterval {
    // The coordinates on the polyline for the speed reading interval.
    repeated LatLng interval_coordinates = 1;

    // Describes the categorized current speed of road conditions.
    // Possible values are:
    // - "NORMAL": Road is flowing smoothly, no slowdown is detected.
    // - "SLOW": Slowdown detected, but no congestion formed.
    // - "TRAFFIC_JAM": Traffic jam detected. In this legacy field, heavy
    //   traffic jams (dark red) are also reported as "TRAFFIC_JAM";
    //   "TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY" is never used.
    string speed = 2;
  }
  // Offset-based speed reading interval along the route.
  message SpeedReadingOffset {
    // The distance offset from the start of the route in meters for the start
    // of the interval (inclusive).
    int32 start_offset = 1;

    // The distance offset from the start of the route in meters for the end of
    // the interval (exclusive; equals the start_offset of the subsequent
    // interval).
    int32 end_offset = 2;

    // Describes the categorized current speed of traffic, aligned with the
    // colors in the Google Maps traffic layer. Possible values are:
    // - "NORMAL" (green): Traffic is flowing smoothly, no slowdown is detected.
    // - "SLOW" (yellow): Slowdown detected, but no traffic jam formed.
    // - "TRAFFIC_JAM" (red): Traffic jam detected.
    // - "TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY" (dark red): Heavy traffic jam detected (available
    //   as of October 8, 2026).
    string speed = 3;
  }
  // Id for selected_route.
  string selected_route_id = 1;
  // User provided name for the route.
  string display_name = 2;
  // Legacy coordinate-based speed reading intervals. May stop being populated
  // on or after November 9, 2026. Use speed_reading_offsets instead.
  repeated SpeedReadingInterval speed_reading_intervals = 3;
  // Legacy travel time information. May stop being populated on or after
  // November 9, 2026. Use duration_in_seconds and static_duration_in_seconds
  // instead.
  TravelDuration travel_duration = 4;
  // Legacy timestamp when the road data was collected. May stop being populated
  // on or after November 9, 2026. Use retrieval_timestamp instead.
  Timestamp retrieval_time = 5;
  // Contains a geojson polyline representing the optimal route determined
  // based on user's input waypoints.
  string route_geometry = 6;
  // Road segment place IDs along the route. They follow topological order
  // and are always connected.
  repeated string road_segment_ids = 7;
  // Offset-based speed reading intervals representing traffic density across
  // the route; each interval is demarcated by the distance offset from the
  // start of the route. Omitted when has_road_closure is true.
  repeated SpeedReadingOffset speed_reading_offsets = 8;
  // The duration of travel through the route based on current traffic
  // conditions. Omitted when has_road_closure is true.
  float duration_in_seconds = 9;
  // The duration of travel through the route without taking traffic
  // conditions into consideration.
  float static_duration_in_seconds = 10;
  // The time the traffic data was collected, as an RFC 3339 UTC timestamp
  // string (for example, "2026-10-08T15:04:05+00:00").
  string retrieval_timestamp = 11;
  // Whether there is a full road closure on the route. When true,
  // duration_in_seconds and speed_reading_offsets are omitted because the
  // route is impassable. Omitted when road closure information is undetermined.
  bool has_road_closure = 12;
}

以偏移量為準的速讀間隔和欄位遷移

自 2026 年 10 月 8 日起，系統會以偏移量為基礎，在 speed_reading_offsets 欄位中提供車速讀數間隔，每個間隔會以 start_offset (含) 和 end_offset (不含) 標示，單位為公尺，從路線起點算起，並包含第四個車速類別 TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY。如要進一步瞭解速度類別和間隔格式，請參閱「速度讀取間隔」。

下表列出各個舊版 Pub/Sub 欄位 (2026 年 11 月 9 日起可能不再填入資料) 和對應的替代欄位：

舊版欄位	替換欄位	附註
`speed_reading_intervals`	`speed_reading_offsets`	使用公尺偏移 (`start_offset`、`end_offset`) 而非折線座標，並新增 `TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY` 速度類別。
`travel_duration.duration_in_seconds`	`duration_in_seconds`	壓平合併至頂層 `float` 欄位。
`travel_duration.static_duration_in_seconds`	`static_duration_in_seconds`	壓平合併至頂層 `float` 欄位。
`retrieval_time`	`retrieval_timestamp`	格式為 RFC 3339 字串，BigQuery 訂閱項目會自動轉換為 `TIMESTAMP`。

使用 Pub/Sub 將路線資料串流至 BigQuery

您可以設定 Pub/Sub 訂閱項目，將道路資料直接串流至 BigQuery 資料表。這可提供強大的資料儲存空間，並對提供的路線資訊進行強大的分析。設定這類訂閱項目之前，您必須在 BigQuery 專案中建立合適的資料集和資料表，以便寫入資料。

如要瞭解如何建立寫入 BigQuery 的 Pub/Sub 訂閱項目，請參閱「將資料串流至 BigQuery」一文。在 JSON 編碼主題上建立 BigQuery 訂閱項目。設定訂閱項目時，請選取「Use table schema」(使用資料表結構定義)，並啟用「Drop unknown fields」(捨棄不明欄位)，這樣一來，新增欄位時，擷取管道就能繼續順利運作。如要儲存新欄位 (例如 speed_reading_offsets)，請在資料表中新增對應的資料欄。

BigQuery 資料表結構定義

發布至 Pub/Sub 主題的訊息 (也可以寫入 BigQuery 資料表) 符合下列結構定義。建立目標 BigQuery 資料表時，請務必使用這個結構定義，確保相容性。

[
  {
    "mode": "NULLABLE",
    "name": "selected_route_id",
    "type": "STRING",
    "description": "Id for selected_route."
  },
  {
    "mode": "NULLABLE",
    "name": "display_name",
    "type": "STRING",
    "description": "User provided name for the route."
  },
  {
    "fields": [
      {
        "mode": "NULLABLE",
        "name": "speed",
        "type": "STRING",
        "description": "Describes the categorized current speed of traffic. Possible values are: \"NORMAL\": Traffic is flowing smoothly, no slowdown is detected. \"SLOW\": Slowdown detected, but no traffic jam formed. \"TRAFFIC_JAM\": Traffic jam detected (groups red and dark red segments; does not include \"TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY\")."
      },
      {
        "fields": [
          {
            "mode": "NULLABLE",
            "name": "latitude",
            "type": "NUMERIC"
          },
          {
            "mode": "NULLABLE",
            "name": "longitude",
            "type": "NUMERIC"
          }
        ],
        "mode": "REPEATED",
        "name": "interval_coordinates",
        "type": "RECORD",
        "description": "The geometry for this interval"
      }
    ],
    "mode": "REPEATED",
    "name": "speed_reading_intervals",
    "type": "RECORD",
    "description": "Legacy coordinate-based speed reading intervals. May stop being populated on or after November 9, 2026. Use speed_reading_offsets instead."
  },
  {
    "fields": [
      {
        "mode": "NULLABLE",
        "name": "duration_in_seconds",
        "type": "FLOAT",
        "description": "The duration of travel through the route based on\ncurrent traffic conditions."
      },
      {
        "mode": "NULLABLE",
        "name": "static_duration_in_seconds",
        "type": "FLOAT",
        "description": "The duration of travel through the route without\ntaking traffic conditions into consideration."
      }
    ],
    "mode": "NULLABLE",
    "name": "travel_duration",
    "type": "RECORD",
    "description": "Legacy travel time information. May stop being populated on or after November 9, 2026. Use top-level duration_in_seconds and static_duration_in_seconds instead."
  },
  {
    "fields": [
      {
        "mode": "NULLABLE",
        "name": "seconds",
        "type": "INTEGER",
        "description": "Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive."
      },
      {
        "mode": "NULLABLE",
        "name": "nanos",
        "type": "INTEGER",
        "description": "Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999 inclusive."
      }
    ],
    "mode": "NULLABLE",
    "name": "retrieval_time",
    "type": "RECORD",
    "description": "Legacy timestamp when the traffic data was collected. May stop being populated on or after November 9, 2026. Use retrieval_timestamp instead."
  },
  {
    "mode": "NULLABLE",
    "name": "route_geometry",
    "type": "STRING",
    "description": "Contains a geojson polyline representing the optimal route determined based on user's input waypoints"
  },
  {
    "mode": "REPEATED",
    "name": "road_segment_ids",
    "type": "STRING",
    "description": "Road segment place IDs along the route. They follow topological order and are always connected"
  },
  {
    "fields": [
      {
        "mode": "NULLABLE",
        "name": "start_offset",
        "type": "INTEGER",
        "description": "The distance offset from the start of the route in meters for the start of the interval (inclusive)."
      },
      {
        "mode": "NULLABLE",
        "name": "end_offset",
        "type": "INTEGER",
        "description": "The distance offset from the start of the route in meters for the end of the interval (exclusive; equals the start_offset of the subsequent interval)."
      },
      {
        "mode": "NULLABLE",
        "name": "speed",
        "type": "STRING",
        "description": "Describes the categorized current speed of traffic, aligned with the colors in the Google Maps traffic layer. Possible values are: \"NORMAL\" (green): Traffic is flowing smoothly, no slowdown is detected. \"SLOW\" (yellow): Slowdown detected, but no traffic jam formed. \"TRAFFIC_JAM\" (red): Traffic jam detected. \"TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY\" (dark red): Heavy traffic jam detected (available as of October 8, 2026)."
      }
    ],
    "mode": "REPEATED",
    "name": "speed_reading_offsets",
    "type": "RECORD",
    "description": "Offset-based speed reading intervals representing traffic density across the route; each interval is demarcated by the distance offset from the start of the route. Omitted when has_road_closure is true."
  },
  {
    "mode": "NULLABLE",
    "name": "duration_in_seconds",
    "type": "FLOAT",
    "description": "The duration of travel through the route based on current traffic conditions. Omitted when has_road_closure is true."
  },
  {
    "mode": "NULLABLE",
    "name": "static_duration_in_seconds",
    "type": "FLOAT",
    "description": "The duration of travel through the route without taking traffic conditions into consideration."
  },
  {
    "mode": "NULLABLE",
    "name": "retrieval_timestamp",
    "type": "TIMESTAMP",
    "description": "The time the traffic data was collected."
  },
  {
    "mode": "NULLABLE",
    "name": "has_road_closure",
    "type": "BOOLEAN",
    "description": "Whether there is a full road closure on the route. When true, duration_in_seconds and speed_reading_offsets are omitted because the route is impassable. A NULL value indicates that road closure information is undetermined."
  }
]