将帐号关联与 Google 登录 (Dialogflow) 功能

Google 助理的 Google 登录功能可提供最简单、最轻松的用户体验为用户和开发者提供账号关联和账号创建功能。你的 Action 在对话期间可以请求访问您用户的 Google 个人资料；包括用户名称、电子邮件地址和个人资料照片。

个人资料信息可用于打造个性化的用户体验。如果您在其他平台上有应用，并且这些应用使用 Google 登录功能，您还可以查找并关联到现有用户的账号、创建新账号、并建立与用户之间的直接沟通渠道。

若要通过 Google 登录功能执行账号关联，您需要请求用户同意访问其 Google 个人资料。然后，您可以使用他们个人资料中的信息，例如其电子邮件地址，以在您的系统中识别用户。

实现 Google 登录账号关联

请按照以下部分中的步骤，将 Google 登录账号关联添加到您的行动。

配置项目

如需将项目配置为使用 Google 登录账号关联，请按以下步骤操作：

打开 Actions 控制台，并选择一个项目。
点击开发标签页，然后选择账号关联。
启用账号关联旁边的开关。
在“账号创建”部分，选择是。
在关联类型中，选择 Google 登录。
打开客户端信息，并记下 Google 为您的 Action 签发的客户端 ID 的值。
点击保存。

启动身份验证流程

使用账号登录帮助程序 intent 启动身份验证流程。

在用户授权您的操作访问他们的 Google 个人资料后，您将收到包含用户的 Google 个人资料信息的 Google ID 令牌，您的操作。

要访问用户的个人资料信息，您需要先验证和解码令牌执行以下操作：

根据您的语言使用 JWT 解码库来解码令牌，并使用 Google 的公钥（可通过 JWK 获取）或 PEM 格式）来验证令牌的签名。
验证令牌的颁发者（已解码的令牌中的 iss 字段）是否为 https://accounts.google.com 且受众（解码令牌中的 aud 字段）是 Google 为您的 Action 签发的客户端 ID，该 ID 会分配给您的项目在 Actions on Google 控制台中操作。

以下是已解码令牌的示例：

{
  "sub": 1234567890,        // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The token's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Client ID assigned to your Actions project
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the token's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the token's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "locale": "en_US"
}

如果您使用的是适用于 Node.js 的 Actions on Google 客户端库或 Java 客户端库，它会为您验证和解码令牌，并授予您访问个人资料内容，如以下代码段所示。请注意，下面的 JSON 分别描述了针对 Dialogflow 和 Actions SDK 的 webhook 请求。

以下代码段使用 Dialogflow 进行登录：

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Node.js

const {dialogflow, SignIn} = require('actions-on-google');
const app = dialogflow({
  // REPLACE THE PLACEHOLDER WITH THE CLIENT_ID OF YOUR ACTIONS PROJECT
  clientId: CLIENT_ID,
});

// Intent that starts the account linking flow.
app.intent('Start Signin', (conv) => {
  conv.ask(new SignIn('To get your account details'));
});
// Create a Dialogflow intent with the `actions_intent_SIGN_IN` event.
app.intent('Get Signin', (conv, params, signin) => {
  if (signin.status === 'OK') {
    const payload = conv.user.profile.payload;
    conv.ask(`I got your account details, ${payload.name}. What do you want to do next?`);
  } else {
    conv.ask(`I won't be able to save your data, but what do you want to do next?`);
  }
});

Java

private String clientId = "<your_client_id>";

@ForIntent("Start Signin")
public ActionResponse text(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder rb = getResponseBuilder(request);
  return rb.add(new SignIn().setContext("To get your account details")).build();
}
@ForIntent("actions.intent.SIGN_IN")
public ActionResponse getSignInStatus(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  if (request.isSignInGranted()) {
    GoogleIdToken.Payload profile = getUserProfile(request.getUser().getIdToken());
    responseBuilder.add(
        "I got your account details, "
            + profile.get("given_name")
            + ". What do you want to do next?");
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add("I won't be able to save your data, but what do you want to do next?");
  }
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

private GoogleIdToken.Payload getUserProfile(String idToken) {
  GoogleIdToken.Payload profile = null;
  try {
    profile = decodeIdToken(idToken);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    LOGGER.error("error decoding idtoken");
    LOGGER.error(e.toString());
  }
  return profile;
}

private GoogleIdToken.Payload decodeIdToken(String idTokenString)
    throws GeneralSecurityException, IOException {
  HttpTransport transport = GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport();
  JacksonFactory jsonFactory = JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance();
  GoogleIdTokenVerifier verifier =
      new GoogleIdTokenVerifier.Builder(transport, jsonFactory)
          // Specify the CLIENT_ID of the app that accesses the backend:
          .setAudience(Collections.singletonList(clientId))
          .build();
  GoogleIdToken idToken = verifier.verify(idTokenString);
  return idToken.getPayload();
}

Dialogflow JSON

{
  "responseId": "",
  "queryResult": {
    "queryText": "",
    "action": "",
    "parameters": {},
    "allRequiredParamsPresent": true,
    "fulfillmentText": "",
    "fulfillmentMessages": [],
    "outputContexts": [],
    "intent": {
      "name": "Get Signin",
      "displayName": "Get Signin"
    },
    "intentDetectionConfidence": 1,
    "diagnosticInfo": {},
    "languageCode": ""
  },
  "originalDetectIntentRequest": {
    "source": "google",
    "version": "2",
    "payload": {
      "isInSandbox": true,
      "surface": {
        "capabilities": [
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
          },
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
          },
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.MEDIA_RESPONSE_AUDIO"
          },
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
          }
        ]
      },
      "inputs": [
        {
          "rawInputs": [],
          "intent": "",
          "arguments": [
            {
              "name": "SIGN_IN",
              "extension": {
                "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.SignInValue",
                "status": "OK"
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "user": {
        "idToken": "peJaCGci..."
      },
      "conversation": {},
      "availableSurfaces": [
        {
          "capabilities": [
            {
              "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
            },
            {
              "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
            },
            {
              "name": "actions.capability.MEDIA_RESPONSE_AUDIO"
            },
            {
              "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "session": ""
}

以下代码段使用 Actions SDK 进行登录：

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Node.js

const {actionssdk, SignIn} = require('actions-on-google');
const app = actionssdk({
  // REPLACE THE PLACEHOLDER WITH THE CLIENT_ID OF YOUR ACTIONS PROJECT
  clientId: CLIENT_ID,
});

// Intent that starts the account linking flow.
app.intent('actions.intent.TEXT', (conv) => {
  conv.ask(new SignIn('To get your account details'));
});
// Create an Actions SDK intent with the `actions_intent_SIGN_IN` event.
app.intent('actions.intent.SIGN_IN', (conv, params, signin) => {
  if (signin.status === 'OK') {
    const payload = conv.user.profile.payload;
    conv.ask(`I got your account details, ${payload.name}. What do you want to do next?`);
  } else {
    conv.ask(`I won't be able to save your data, but what do you want to do next?`);
  }
});

Java

private String clientId = "<your_client_id>";

@ForIntent("actions.intent.TEXT")
public ActionResponse text(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder rb = getResponseBuilder(request);
  return rb.add(new SignIn().setContext("To get your account details")).build();
}
@ForIntent("actions.intent.SIGN_IN")
public ActionResponse getSignInStatus(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  if (request.isSignInGranted()) {
    GoogleIdToken.Payload profile = getUserProfile(request.getUser().getIdToken());
    responseBuilder.add(
        "I got your account details, "
            + profile.get("given_name")
            + ". What do you want to do next?");
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add("I won't be able to save your data, but what do you want to do next?");
  }
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

private GoogleIdToken.Payload getUserProfile(String idToken) {
  GoogleIdToken.Payload profile = null;
  try {
    profile = decodeIdToken(idToken);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    LOGGER.error("error decoding idtoken");
    LOGGER.error(e.toString());
  }
  return profile;
}

private GoogleIdToken.Payload decodeIdToken(String idTokenString)
    throws GeneralSecurityException, IOException {
  HttpTransport transport = GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport();
  JacksonFactory jsonFactory = JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance();
  GoogleIdTokenVerifier verifier =
      new GoogleIdTokenVerifier.Builder(transport, jsonFactory)
          // Specify the CLIENT_ID of the app that accesses the backend:
          .setAudience(Collections.singletonList(this.clientId))
          .build();
  GoogleIdToken idToken = verifier.verify(idTokenString);
  return idToken.getPayload();
}

Actions SDK JSON

{
  "user": {
    "idToken": "peJaCGci..."
  },
  "device": {},
  "surface": {
    "capabilities": [
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
      },
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
      },
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.MEDIA_RESPONSE_AUDIO"
      },
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
      }
    ]
  },
  "conversation": {},
  "inputs": [
    {
      "rawInputs": [],
      "intent": "actions.intent.SIGN_IN",
      "arguments": [
        {
          "name": "SIGN_IN",
          "extension": {
            "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.SignInValue",
            "status": "OK"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "availableSurfaces": [
    {
      "capabilities": [
        {
          "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
        },
        {
          "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
        },
        {
          "name": "actions.capability.MEDIA_RESPONSE_AUDIO"
        },
        {
          "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

处理数据访问请求

如需处理数据访问请求，只需验证 Google ID 声明了用户令牌。以下代码段显示了展示如何检查 Firestore 数据库中是否已存在用户账号的示例。

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Node.js

const admin = require('firebase-admin');
const functions = require('firebase-functions');
admin.initializeApp();
const auth = admin.auth();
const db = admin.firestore();

// Save the user in the Firestore DB after successful signin
app.intent('Get Sign In', async (conv, params, signin) => {
  if (signin.status !== 'OK') {
    return conv.close(`Let's try again next time.`);
  }
  const color = conv.data[Fields.COLOR];
  const {email} = conv.user;
  if (!conv.data.uid && email) {
    try {
      conv.data.uid = (await auth.getUserByEmail(email)).uid;
    } catch (e) {
      if (e.code !== 'auth/user-not-found') {
        throw e;
      }
      // If the user is not found, create a new Firebase auth user
      // using the email obtained from the Google Assistant
      conv.data.uid = (await auth.createUser({email})).uid;
    }
  }
  if (conv.data.uid) {
    conv.user.ref = db.collection('users').doc(conv.data.uid);
  }
  conv.close(`I saved ${color} as your favorite color for next time.`);
});

// Retrieve the user's favorite color if an account exists, ask if it doesn't.
app.intent('Default Welcome Intent', async (conv) => {
  const {payload} = conv.user.profile;
  const name = payload ? ` ${payload.given_name}` : '';
  conv.ask(`Hi${name}!`);
  // conv.user.ref contains the id of the record for the user in a Firestore DB
  if (conv.user.ref) {
    const doc = await conv.user.ref.get();
    if (doc.exists) {
      const color = doc.data()[Fields.COLOR];
      return conv.ask(`Your favorite color was ${color}. ` +
        'Tell me a color to update it.');
    }
  }
  conv.ask(`What's your favorite color?`);
});

Java

private class FirestoreManager {
  private final Firestore db;
  private final DocumentReference userDocRef;
  private final String uid;
  public FirestoreManager(String databaseUrl, String email)
      throws IOException, FirebaseAuthException {
    if (FirebaseApp.getApps().isEmpty()) {
      // Use the application default credentials (works on GCP based hosting).
      FirebaseOptions options =
          new FirebaseOptions.Builder()
              .setCredentials(GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault())
              .setDatabaseUrl(databaseUrl)
              .build();
      FirebaseApp.initializeApp(options);
    }
    this.db = FirestoreClient.getFirestore();
    UserRecord userRecord;
    try {
      userRecord = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getUserByEmail(email);
    } catch (FirebaseAuthException e) {
      if (e.getErrorCode() == FIREBASE_USER_NOT_FOUND_ERROR) {
        UserRecord.CreateRequest createRequest = new UserRecord.CreateRequest().setEmail(email);
        userRecord = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().createUser(createRequest);
      } else {
        throw e;
      }
    }
    uid = userRecord.getUid();
    userDocRef = db.collection(FIRESTORE_USERS_PATH).document(uid);
  }

  public String readUserColor() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    ApiFuture<DocumentSnapshot> future = userDocRef.get();
    // future.get() blocks on response
    DocumentSnapshot document = future.get();
    if (document.exists()) {
      return document.get(COLOR_KEY).toString();
    } else {
      return "";
    }
  }
  public Timestamp writeUserColor(String color) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    Map<String, Object> docData = new HashMap<>();
    docData.put(COLOR_KEY, color);
    ApiFuture<WriteResult> future = userDocRef.set(docData);
    // future.get() blocks on response
    return future.get().getUpdateTime();
  }
}

@ForIntent("Get Sign In")
public ActionResponse getSignIn(ActionRequest request) {
  LOGGER.info("Get sign in intent start.");
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  if (request.isSignInGranted()) {
    String color = request.getConversationData().get(COLOR_KEY).toString();
    GoogleIdToken.Payload profile = getUserProfile(request.getUser().getIdToken());
    try {
      FirestoreManager firestoreManager =
          new FirestoreManager(DATABASE_URL, profile.getEmail());
      saveColor(firestoreManager, color);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      LOGGER.error(e.toString());
    }
    responseBuilder
        .add("I saved " + color + " as your favorite color for next time.")
        .endConversation();
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add("Let's try again next time");
  }
  LOGGER.info("Get sign in intent end.");
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

private void saveColor(FirestoreManager firestoreManager, String color) {
  try {
    Timestamp updateTime = firestoreManager.writeUserColor(color);
    LOGGER.info(String.format("Update time: %s", updateTime.toString()));
  } catch (Exception e) {
    LOGGER.error(e.toString());
  }
}