與圖表互動
透過集合功能整理內容
你可以依據偏好儲存及分類內容。
目前為止,我們涵蓋的網頁數量足以涵蓋許多網頁,但您之前已在網頁中繪製了圖表。但如果您想擷取使用者的點擊,或需要操控已繪製的圖表的屬性或資料,您必須監聽圖表擲回的事件。
所有圖表都會擲回某種類型的事件。最常見者如下:
- Ready (已就緒):在頁面上繪製圖表且已可回應方法時擲回。如需要求圖表資訊,請監聽這個事件。
- 選取 - 使用者選取圖表中的部分時,通常按一下長條或圓餅圖區塊。
- error - 當圖表無法顯示傳入的資料時 (通常因為
DataTable
格式有誤)。
- onmouseover 和 onmouseout:分別在使用者將遊標懸停在特定圖表元素上時擲回。
事件監聽作業非常簡單;只要呼叫 google.visualization.events.addListener()
將要傳入圖表的處理常式、要擷取的事件名稱,以及事件擲回時要呼叫的處理常式名稱即可。您可以使用任何圖表控點呼叫此方法,即使您尚未呼叫 draw()
也沒問題。請注意,如果您希望系統先呼叫一次事件監聽器,再呼叫 google.visualization.events.addOneTimeListener()
,然後再移除本身。
下列程式碼片段說明如何註冊以擷取圖表的 select 事件:
load libraries...
function drawChart() {
prepare data...
var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('chart_div'));
// The select handler. Call the chart's getSelection() method
function selectHandler() {
var selectedItem = chart.getSelection()[0];
if (selectedItem) {
var value = data.getValue(selectedItem.row, selectedItem.column);
alert('The user selected ' + value);
}
}
// Listen for the 'select' event, and call my function selectHandler() when
// the user selects something on the chart.
google.visualization.events.addListener(chart, 'select', selectHandler);
draw the chart...
}
以下是含有新選取事件監聽器的 Hello Charts 程式碼範例。親自體驗。
<html>
<head>
<!--Load the AJAX API-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
// Load the Visualization API and the piechart package.
google.charts.load('current', {'packages':['corechart']});
// Set a callback to run when the Google Visualization API is loaded.
google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
// Callback that creates and populates a data table,
// instantiates the pie chart, passes in the data and
// draws it.
function drawChart() {
// Create the data table.
var data = new google.visualization.DataTable();
data.addColumn('string', 'Topping');
data.addColumn('number', 'Slices');
data.addRows([
['Mushrooms', 3],
['Onions', 1],
['Olives', 1],
['Zucchini', 1],
['Pepperoni', 2]
]);
// Set chart options
var options = {'title':'How Much Pizza I Ate Last Night',
'width':400,
'height':300};
// Instantiate and draw our chart, passing in some options.
var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('chart_div'));
function selectHandler() {
var selectedItem = chart.getSelection()[0];
if (selectedItem) {
var topping = data.getValue(selectedItem.row, 0);
alert('The user selected ' + topping);
}
}
google.visualization.events.addListener(chart, 'select', selectHandler);
chart.draw(data, options);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<!--Div that will hold the pie chart-->
<div id="chart_div" style="width:400; height:300"></div>
</body>
</html>
更多資訊
除非另有註明,否則本頁面中的內容是採用創用 CC 姓名標示 4.0 授權,程式碼範例則為阿帕契 2.0 授權。詳情請參閱《Google Developers 網站政策》。Java 是 Oracle 和/或其關聯企業的註冊商標。
上次更新時間:2024-07-10 (世界標準時間)。
[null,null,["上次更新時間:2024-07-10 (世界標準時間)。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eGoogle Charts throw events like \u003ccode\u003eready\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eselect\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eerror\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eonmouseover\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003eonmouseout\u003c/code\u003e to enable user interaction and manipulation.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo catch these events, use \u003ccode\u003egoogle.visualization.events.addListener()\u003c/code\u003e to register a handler function.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003eselect\u003c/code\u003e event is commonly used to respond to user clicks on chart elements, enabling actions like displaying selected data.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eA provided code example demonstrates how to implement a \u003ccode\u003eselect\u003c/code\u003e event listener to display an alert with the selected data.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Interacting With the Chart\n\nWhat we've covered so far is sufficient for many web pages: you've drawn your chart on the page. However, if you want to catch user clicks, or need to manipulate properties or data in a chart that you've already drawn, you need to listen for events thrown by the chart.\n\nAll charts throw some kinds of events. Here are the most common:\n\n- *ready* - Thrown when the chart is drawn on the page and ready to respond to methods. Listen for this event if you need to request information from the chart.\n- *select* - Thrown when the user selects something on the chart: typically by clicking on a bar or pie slice.\n- *error* - Thrown when the chart can't render the data passed in, typically because the `DataTable` format is wrong.\n- *onmouseover* and *onmouseout* - Thrown when the user mouses over or off of a specific chart element, respectively.\n\nListening for events is simple; simply call [`google.visualization.events.addListener()`](/chart/interactive/docs/reference#addlistener) passing in a handle to the chart, the name of the event to catch, and the name of a handler to call when the event is thrown. You can call this method with any chart handle, even if you haven't called `draw()` yet. Note that you can call [`google.visualization.events.addOneTimeListener()`](/chart/interactive/docs/reference#addonetimelistener) if you want the listener to be called exactly once before removing itself.\n\nHere's a partial code snippet showing how to register to catch a chart's *select* event: \n\n```javascript\nload libraries...\n\nfunction drawChart() {\n\n prepare data...\n\n var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('chart_div'));\n\n // The select handler. Call the chart's getSelection() method\n function selectHandler() {\n var selectedItem = chart.getSelection()[0];\n if (selectedItem) {\n var value = data.getValue(selectedItem.row, selectedItem.column);\n alert('The user selected ' + value);\n }\n }\n\n // Listen for the 'select' event, and call my function selectHandler() when\n // the user selects something on the chart.\n google.visualization.events.addListener(chart, 'select', selectHandler);\n\n draw the chart...\n\n}\n```\n\nThe following shows the Hello Charts code example with a new select event listener. Try it out yourself. \n\n```html\n\u003chtml\u003e\n \u003chead\u003e\n \u003c!--Load the AJAX API--\u003e\n \u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n \u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\"\u003e\n\n // Load the Visualization API and the piechart package.\n google.charts.load('current', {'packages':['corechart']});\n\n // Set a callback to run when the Google Visualization API is loaded.\n google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);\n\n // Callback that creates and populates a data table,\n // instantiates the pie chart, passes in the data and\n // draws it.\n function drawChart() {\n\n // Create the data table.\n var data = new google.visualization.DataTable();\n data.addColumn('string', 'Topping');\n data.addColumn('number', 'Slices');\n data.addRows([\n ['Mushrooms', 3],\n ['Onions', 1],\n ['Olives', 1], \n ['Zucchini', 1],\n ['Pepperoni', 2]\n ]);\n\n // Set chart options\n var options = {'title':'How Much Pizza I Ate Last Night',\n 'width':400,\n 'height':300};\n \n // Instantiate and draw our chart, passing in some options.\n var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('chart_div'));\n\n function selectHandler() {\n var selectedItem = chart.getSelection()[0];\n if (selectedItem) {\n var topping = data.getValue(selectedItem.row, 0);\n alert('The user selected ' + topping);\n }\n }\n\n google.visualization.events.addListener(chart, 'select', selectHandler); \n chart.draw(data, options);\n }\n\n \u003c/script\u003e\n \u003c/head\u003e\n \u003cbody\u003e\n \u003c!--Div that will hold the pie chart--\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"chart_div\" style=\"width:400; height:300\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/body\u003e\n\u003c/html\u003e\n``` \n[**Next: *Security and Privacy***](/chart/interactive/docs/security_privacy)\n\n**More Information**\n\n- [Handling Events](/chart/interactive/docs/events)\n- [Controls and Dashboards](/chart/interactive/docs/gallery/controls)\n- [getSelection()](/chart/interactive/docs/reference#visgetselection)\n- [`google.visualization.events.addListener()`](/chart/interactive/docs/reference)"]]