OptimizeToursRequest 會對下列項目套用限制：
- 出貨，影響運送方式
- 車輛，影響車輛路線計算方式
- 影響全球的車輛和貨運。
本指南將著重說明重要的運送限制：時間範圍。
時間範圍是一種您在 OptimizeToursRequest 訊息 (REST、gRPC) 中提供的限制類型，以便指定運送活動的時間限制。這類限制會影響運送的時間和方式，以及運送的車輛分配。基於這些限制，最佳化工具會優先選擇最符合貨運時間限制的車輛。
運送限制：時間範圍
您可在 Shipment.VisitRequest 訊息中指定取貨或送貨時間，如下所示：
含有時間範圍限制的要求範例
這個範例說明三種不同的運送方式，且每個出貨時間都有各自的遞送時段。為求簡單起見，本範例僅會在 deliveries 上設定時間範圍，但您也可以將時間範圍套用到取貨。您可以指定多個時間範圍，但此範例只會針對每個提交 VisitRequest 使用一個時間範圍。
查看包含時間範圍的要求範例
{
"populatePolylines": false,
"populateTransitionPolylines": false,
"model": {
"globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
"globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
"shipments": [
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789456,
"longitude": -122.390192
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 100.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789116,
"longitude": -122.395080
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T18:30:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 20.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.795242,
"longitude": -122.399347
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 50.0
}
],
"vehicles": [
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 40.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
}
]
}
}
含有時間範圍限制的回應範例
在回應範例中，車輛的開始和結束時間分別為 17:35:50 和 18:17:24。這些時間反映了最佳化工具在符合所有時間範圍限制的情況下，盡可能減少以 costPerHour 形式操作所指定車輛所需的時間。如果開始時間是 17:35:50，車輛就不需要在造訪地點等待，直到造訪的時間區間開始為止。這會在回應中顯示為零的 waitDuration 值。
查看要求範例的回應 (包含時間範圍)
{
"routes": [
{
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z",
"visits": [
{
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z",
"detour": "150s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z",
"detour": "300s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:50:09Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"detour": "796s"
},
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:35Z",
"detour": "1520s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "409s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1371,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "409s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:43:20Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "341s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1312,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "341s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:54:19Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "205s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 636,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "205s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "339s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1276,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "339s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:45Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "1294s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2494s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 4595
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95
},
"routeTotalCost": 73.661111111111111
}
],
"metrics": {
"aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "1294s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2494s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 4595
},
"usedVehicleCount": 1,
"earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
"latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z",
"totalCost": 73.661111111111111,
"costs": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95
}
}
}
時間範圍已訂購車輛的 visits，因此系統會優先配送具有最早時間範圍的貨品。
shipments[2]17:50 的送達時間- 「
shipments[1]」的送達時間為 18:00 shipments[0]的送達時間為 18:07
範例要求指定了「硬」時間範圍限制，規定必須在這些期間內完成提交。如果在任何時間範圍內無法完成運送的 VisitRequests 或不符合成本效益，最佳化工具就會略過出貨作業。如果貨物具有 penaltyCost，最佳化工具會將該值加入回應 metrics 中回報的費用。否則，OptimizeToursResponse 訊息 (REST、gRPC) 的 skippedMandatoryShipmentCount 屬性會增加。
如果您先將 shipment[1] 的回溯期從數小時改為 18:00 的 21:00 來變更時間範圍，結果會有所不同，如以下範例所示。
請參閱無法滿足時間範圍的要求示例
{
"populatePolylines": false,
"populateTransitionPolylines": false,
"model": {
"globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
"globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
"shipments": [
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789456,
"longitude": -122.390192
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 100.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789116,
"longitude": -122.395080
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 20.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.795242,
"longitude": -122.399347
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 50.0
}
],
"vehicles": [
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 40.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
}
]
}
}
查看第二個要求範例的回應 (包含會略過出貨的時間)
{
"routes": [
{
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z",
"visits": [
{
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z",
"detour": "150s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:49:38Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"detour": "946s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "409s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1371,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "409s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:42:49Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "372s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1348,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "372s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:48Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "339s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1276,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "339s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 2,
"travelDuration": "1120s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "800s",
"totalDuration": "1920s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3995
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332
},
"routeTotalCost": 61.283333333333331
}
],
"skippedShipments": [
{
"index": 1
}
],
"metrics": {
"aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 2,
"travelDuration": "1120s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "800s",
"totalDuration": "1920s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3995
},
"usedVehicleCount": 1,
"earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
"latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z",
"totalCost": 81.283333333333331,
"costs": {
"model.shipments.penalty_cost": 20,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95
}
}
}
在這個範例中，由於在指定的時間範圍內完成貨品交付作業所需的額外車輛處理時間超過運送罰金，因此系統略過了較晚的時間範圍，導致系統略過 shipment[1]。shipment[1] 的罰金費用會顯示在 metrics.costs 中，索引則會顯示在 skippedShipments 中。
適配時間範圍限制
如同「費用模型參數」中所述，您可以套用「軟」限制。軟性限制與硬性限制不同，如下所列：
- 硬性限制：無法違反，且最佳化工具不提供違反限制的解決方案，即使這意味著會跳過運送作業。
- 軟性限制：可能違反，這表示最佳化工具提供的解決方案可能違反軟性限制。不過，最佳化工具也會對任何違規產生「費用」。您必須在時間範圍內將這筆費用當做額外屬性來提供，通常是在活動發生的時間範圍之前或之後，每小時的每小時費用。
系統會分別使用 softStartTime 或 softEndTime (而不是 startTime 或 endTime)，以及設定 costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime 或 costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime，藉此延後時間範圍。
上車或貨品交付時，應採用軟性期限限制，但絕對不要求在期限內取貨或配送。您可以搭配使用硬性和彈性的時間範圍限制來傳達業務目標。例如：
- 固定時間範圍：表示客戶的營業時間，例如上午 9 點到下午 5 點。
- 適配時間：指出寄送或取貨的時間範圍，依據通知與客戶的通知相符，例如上午 9 點到晚上 1 點。
在這個範例中，由於時間範圍開始太晚而略過的運送，因此其開始時間限制已柔化。其他飛船的結束時間也已緩解。
查看採用硬性和軟時時間範圍的要求範例
{
"populatePolylines": false,
"populateTransitionPolylines": false,
"model": {
"globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
"globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
"shipments": [
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789456,
"longitude": -122.390192
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"softEndTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z",
"costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 100.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789116,
"longitude": -122.395080
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"softStartTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z",
"costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime": 2.0
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 20.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.795242,
"longitude": -122.399347
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
"softEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 50.0
}
],
"vehicles": [
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 40.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
}
]
}
}
查看針對硬性和軟時期限要求範例的回應
{
"routes": [
{
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z",
"visits": [
{
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z",
"detour": "150s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z",
"detour": "300s"
},
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"detour": "300s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:42Z",
"detour": "493s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:27Z",
"detour": "873s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "235s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 795,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "235s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:56:05Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "212s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 791,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "212s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "335s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1204,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "335s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:52Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "171s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 665,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "171s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:21:37Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "953s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2153s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3455
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667,
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55
},
"routeTotalCost": 64.797222222222217
}
],
"metrics": {
"aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "953s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2153s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3455
},
"usedVehicleCount": 1,
"earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
"latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z",
"totalCost": 64.797222222222217,
"costs": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55,
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332,
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221
}
}
}
在僅有硬時間範圍限制的範例中，完全略過 shipment[1]，如果將推送時間範圍縮短，將會在時間範圍開始時間「之前」完成傳送。同樣地，將其他出貨的結束時間降到最低，允許 shipment[2] 在時間範圍結束「之後」傳送。
同時，成本和總貨物運送資訊也發生變化：
totalCost：已從 81.283 下降至 64.797- 總出貨量：從 2 增加到 3
由於與上一個範例相比，時間範圍限制較為寬鬆，因此最佳化器找到了較便宜的解決方案。
最後，metrics.costs 屬性還包含一個新的鍵，用於表示根據限制乘積以及錯過交付時間的時間長度，實際產生的費用。也就是：
costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime/2.0 和- 實際放送到這段期間開始需要的時間： 2.83583 小時
成果：
model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time：5.6716666666666669。
這些指標可讓您分析費用，瞭解硬性限制和軟性限制之間的取捨，並根據自己的業務規則進行調整。在這個例子中，總費用小於 20.0 的 shipment[1].penalty_cost。最佳化工具確定讓出貨更符合成本效益，比略過出貨更早。