這個範例說明如何使用 timeWindows 設定貨件的取貨和送達時間。
如需完整的概念總覽，以及瞭解 timeWindows 的其他使用方式，請參閱時間視窗鍵概念文件。
情境 1：在時間範圍內送達
以下範例說明單一車輛必須在指定 timeWindows 內運送三批貨物的情境。
要求範例
這項要求包含三批商品，每批商品都有不同的運送TimeWindow：
shipments[0]遞送時間：18:00 - 19:00shipments[1]遞送時間：18:00 - 18:30shipments[2]遞送時間：17:30 - 18:00
查看包含時間範圍的範例要求
{ "populatePolylines": false, "populateTransitionPolylines": false, "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z", "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T18:30:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 20.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 40.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
回應範例
回應顯示最佳化工具會排定每個 visits 的時間，以符合時間範圍，並優先運送時間範圍較早的貨物。
查看範例要求的回應 (含時間範圍)
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 1, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z", "detour": "300s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:50:09Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 1, "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "detour": "796s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:35Z", "detour": "1520s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z" }, { "travelDuration": "409s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1371, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "409s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:43:20Z" }, { "travelDuration": "341s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1312, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "341s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:54:19Z" }, { "travelDuration": "205s", "travelDistanceMeters": 636, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "205s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z" }, { "travelDuration": "339s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1276, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "339s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:45Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 3, "travelDuration": "1294s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "1200s", "totalDuration": "2494s", "travelDistanceMeters": 4595 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112, "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95 }, "routeTotalCost": 73.661111111111111 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 3, "travelDuration": "1294s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "1200s", "totalDuration": "2494s", "travelDistanceMeters": 4595 }, "usedVehicleCount": 1, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z", "totalCost": 73.661111111111111, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112, "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95 } } }
每批貨物的運送時間startTime符合要求的時間範圍：
shipments[2]於 17:50 送達 (在 17:30 至 18:00 的時間範圍內)。shipments[1]在 18:00 送達 (在 18:00 至 18:30 的時間範圍內)。shipments[0]在 18:07 送達 (在 18:00 - 19:00 的時段內)。
情境 2：因時間範圍而略過出貨
以下範例說明某批貨物的時間範圍與其他貨物相差太遠，因此最佳化工具略過該批貨物並支付 penaltyCost，會更符合成本效益。
要求範例
這項要求與第一個情境相同，但其中一項出貨的送達時間範圍較晚，
shipments[1]配送時間為 21:00 - 21:30
查看無法滿足時間範圍的要求示例
{ "populatePolylines": false, "populateTransitionPolylines": false, "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z", "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 20.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z" } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 40.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
回應範例
回應顯示最佳化工具會略過 shipment[1]。這是因為車輛必須額外行駛數小時才能運送該貨件，而這段時間的計算成本高於貨件的 penaltyCost 20.0。
請參閱範例要求的回應，其中包含貨件遭略過的時間範圍
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:49:38Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "detour": "946s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z" }, { "travelDuration": "409s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1371, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "409s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:42:49Z" }, { "travelDuration": "372s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1348, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "372s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:48Z" }, { "travelDuration": "339s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1276, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "339s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "1120s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1920s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3995 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332 }, "routeTotalCost": 61.283333333333331 } ], "skippedShipments": [ { "index": 1 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "1120s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1920s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3995 }, "usedVehicleCount": 1, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z", "totalCost": 81.283333333333331, "costs": { "model.shipments.penalty_cost": 20, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332, "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95 } } }
回應中的 skippedShipments 陣列顯示 index: 1 的出貨作業未執行，這會影響下列費用參數：
- 該批貨物中的
penaltyCost20.0 已計入metrics.costs。 totalCost(81.28) 是routeTotalCost(61.28) 和penalty_cost(20.0) 的總和。
情境 3：使用彈性時間範圍
以下範例說明如何使用彈性時間範圍，讓最佳化工具在指定時間範圍外排定放送時間，但會產生費用。
如需這項功能的概念總覽，請參閱「時間範圍」基本概念文件中的「軟性時間範圍」一節。
要求範例
這項要求會將 shipment[1] 的硬性時間範圍改為彈性時間範圍，藉此修改先前的情境。方法是使用 softStartTime 並提供 costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime。
shipment[1] 現在的 softStartTime 為 21:00，costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime 為 2.0。也就是說，只要在 21:00 前送達，每小時都會受到處罰。
請參閱包含硬性和軟性時間範圍的範例要求
{ "populatePolylines": false, "populateTransitionPolylines": false, "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z", "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "softEndTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z", "costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0 } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "softStartTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z", "endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z", "costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime": 2.0 } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 20.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s", "timeWindows": [ { "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z", "softEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0 } ] } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 40.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
回應範例
回應顯示最佳化工具現在會排定所有三批貨物的運送時間。系統排定的送達時間 (shipment[1]) 遠早於 21:00
softStartTime。這是最具成本效益的解決方案，因為違反寬鬆時間範圍的成本低於penaltyCost跳過運送的成本，也低於車輛在時間範圍內等待運送的成本。
請參閱範例要求的回應，其中包含嚴格和寬鬆的時間範圍
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 1, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z", "detour": "300s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z", "detour": "300s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 1, "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:42Z", "detour": "493s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:27Z", "detour": "873s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z" }, { "travelDuration": "235s", "travelDistanceMeters": 795, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "235s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:56:05Z" }, { "travelDuration": "212s", "travelDistanceMeters": 791, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "212s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z" }, { "travelDuration": "335s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1204, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "335s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:52Z" }, { "travelDuration": "171s", "travelDistanceMeters": 665, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "171s", "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:21:37Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 3, "travelDuration": "953s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "1200s", "totalDuration": "2153s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3455 }, "routeCosts": { "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667, "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221, "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55 }, "routeTotalCost": 64.797222222222217 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 3, "travelDuration": "953s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "1200s", "totalDuration": "2153s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3455 }, "usedVehicleCount": 1, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z", "totalCost": 64.797222222222217, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55, "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332, "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221 } } }
軟性時間範圍可提供更完善的解決方案，並反映在下列改善項目中：
- 所有 3 次出貨都已排定，不會跳過任何一次。
totalCost現在為 64.79，低於先前的解決方案成本 81.28。routeCosts物件包含運送費用 5.74，運送時間比softStartTime早了將近 3 小時。shipment[1]這項成本低於penaltyCost的 20.0，因此是最具成本效益的選項。