知识问答(QuizQuestionAnswer)结构化数据

如果您有抽认卡页面,可以通过向其中添加 Quiz 结构化数据来帮助学生更好地找到教育类问题的答案。添加结构化数据后,您的内容将会显示在 Google 搜索结果、Google 助理和 Google 智能镜头搜索结果的问答轮播界面中。

知识问答富媒体搜索结果示例

以下页面类型符合知识问答轮播界面的条件:

  • 抽认卡页面:这种页面包含抽认卡,该卡的一面通常包含问题,另一面提供答案。如需标记抽认卡页面,请继续阅读本指南,了解如何添加知识问答架构
  • 单个问答页面:这种页面仅包含一个问题,后跟用户提交的答案。如需标记单个问答页面,请改为添加 QAPage 标记

功能可用性

知识问答轮播界面只能以英语提供,并已在所有可以使用 Google 搜索的国家/地区推出。仅当在桌面设备和移动设备上搜索教育相关主题时,才能使用此功能。例如,尝试搜索 "the measure of three angles of a quadrilateral are 80 90 and 103 degrees""the ratio of surface energy to surface area is" 之类的查询。

How to add structured data

Structured data is a standardized format for providing information about a page and classifying the page content. If you're new to structured data, you can learn more about how structured data works.

Here's an overview of how to build, test, and release structured data.

  1. Add the required properties. Based on the format you're using, learn where to insert structured data on the page.
  2. Follow the guidelines.
  3. Validate your code using the Rich Results Test and fix any critical errors. Consider also fixing any non-critical issues that may be flagged in the tool, as they can help improve the quality of your structured data (however, this isn't necessary to be eligible for rich results).
  4. Deploy a few pages that include your structured data and use the URL Inspection tool to test how Google sees the page. Be sure that your page is accessible to Google and not blocked by a robots.txt file, the noindex tag, or login requirements. If the page looks okay, you can ask Google to recrawl your URLs.
  5. To keep Google informed of future changes, we recommend that you submit a sitemap. You can automate this with the Search Console Sitemap API.

示例

下面是一个包含知识问答结构化数据的抽认卡页面示例。


<html>
  <head>
    <title>Cell Transport</title>
    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "https://schema.org/",
      "@type": "Quiz",
      "about": {
        "@type": "Thing",
        "name": "Cell Transport"
      },
      "educationalAlignment": [
        {
          "@type": "AlignmentObject",
          "alignmentType": "educationalSubject",
          "targetName": "Biology"
        }
      ],
      "hasPart": [
        {
          "@context": "https://schema.org/",
          "@type": "Question",
          "eduQuestionType": "Flashcard",
          "text": "This is some fact about receptor molecules.",
          "acceptedAnswer": {
            "@type": "Answer",
            "text": "receptor molecules"
          }
        },
        {
          "@context": "https://schema.org/",
          "@type": "Question",
          "eduQuestionType": "Flashcard",
          "text": "This is some fact about the cell membrane.",
          "acceptedAnswer": {
            "@type": "Answer",
            "text": "cell membrane"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
    </script>
  </head>
</html>

指南

若想让您的网页可显示为知识问答富媒体搜索结果,您必须遵循以下指南:

技术指南

  • 尽可能将结构化数据放在最详细的叶级页中。请勿将结构化数据添加到没有问题的网页中。
  • 所有问题都必须使用 eduQuestionType 属性的 Flashcard 值。包含其他问题类型的网页没有资格出现在知识问答轮播界面中。对于包含其他问题类型的网页,请考虑使用练习题
  • 确保 Googlebot 能够高效抓取您的网站
  • 相应网页上的用户应该会立即看到您网站上的问题,这意味着这些问题并非仅以数据文件或 PDF 格式提供。
  • 如果您的网页只有一个问题,后跟多个用户提交的答案,请改用 QAPage 标记

内容指南

我们之所以制定这些知识问答内容准则,是为了确保用户能够找到相关的学习资源。如果我们发现违反这些指南的内容,将采取适当措施,这可能包括采取人工处置措施以及不将您的内容显示在 Google 上的知识问答富媒体搜索结果中。

  • 知识问答页面必须遵循问答页面的内容准则
  • 您的网页必须包含与知识相关的问题和回答。您的网页上必须至少有一对问答,并且解答必须与用户的问题相关。
  • 通过此功能呈现知识问答页面时,您将对其准确性和质量负责。在质量和教学审核流程中,如果我们发现一定数量的不准确内容,您的部分或全部问答网页可能无法使用此功能,直到您解决问题为止。

结构化数据类型定义

要让内容能够显示为富媒体搜索结果,您必须为其添加必要属性。您还可以添加建议属性,以便添加更多与内容相关的信息,进而提供更好的用户体验。

Quiz

Quiz 是一组抽认卡(一张或多张),通常与同一概念或主题相关。

如需了解 Quiz 的完整定义,请访问 schema.org。 Google 支持的属性如下:

必要属性
hasPart

Question

测验中具体抽认卡问题的嵌套信息。使用一个 hasPart 属性可表示单个抽认卡。

如需添加多张抽认卡,请重复添加此属性。

{
  "@type": "Quiz",
  "hasPart": {
    "@type": "Question"
  }
}
建议属性
about

Thing

Quiz 背后的基本概念的嵌套信息。

{
  "@type": "Quiz",
  "about": {
    "@type": "Thing"
  }
}
about.name

Text

Quiz 背后的基本概念的嵌套信息。此属性支持添加多个条目。

{
  "@type": "Quiz",
  "about": {
    "@type": "Thing",
    "name": "Cell transport"
  }
}
educationalAlignment

AlignmentObject

测验与某个现有教育框架的对应关系。您可以重复添加此属性,将测验与某个学习领域、目标年级或教育标准相对应。

{
  "@type": "Quiz",
  "educationalAlignment": []
}
educationalAlignment.alignmentType

Text

学习资源和测验的教育框架节点之间对应关系的类别。Google 搜索采用 LRMI 标准

重复添加 alignmentType 属性可指定学习领域及目标年级或教育标准。

  • 如需指定测验的学习领域,请将 alignmentType 属性设置为 educationalSubject 值。
  • 如需指定测验的目标年级或教育标准,请将 alignmentType 属性设置为 educationalLevel 值。

下面是如何同时指定 educationalSubjecteducationalLevel 属性的示例。

{
  "@type": "Quiz",
  "educationalAlignment": [
     {
       "@type": "AlignmentObject",
       "alignmentType": "educationalSubject",
       "targetName": "Biology"
     },
     {
       "@type": "AlignmentObject",
       "alignmentType": "educationalLevel",
       "targetName": "Fifth grade"
     }

  ]
}
educationalAlignment.targetName

Text

某个现有教育框架的节点名称。例如:“Grade 7: Cell Structure”。

{
  "@type": "Quiz",
  "educationalAlignment": [
     {
       "@type": "AlignmentObject",
       "targetName": "Grade 7: Cell Structure"
     }
  ]
}

Question

每个问题都对应一张抽认卡,该卡嵌套在 QuizhasPart 属性下。请注意,这些 Question 要求与 QAPage 的问题要求不同。

如需了解 Question 的完整定义,请访问 schema.org。Google 支持的属性如下:

必要属性
acceptedAnswer

Answer

抽认卡答案的完整内容。每个 Question 类型只能有一个 acceptedAnswer 属性。

{
  "@type": "Question",
  "acceptedAnswer": {
    "@type": "Answer",
    "text": "cell membranes"
  }
}
eduQuestionType

Text

问题的类型。您必须使用此固定值:Flashcard

{
  "@type": "Question",
  "eduQuestionType": "Flashcard
}
text

Text

抽认卡问题的完整内容。

{
  "@type": "Question",
  "text": "A protein on the surface of HIV can attach to proteins on the surface of healthy human cells. What are the attachment sites on the surface of the cells known as?"
}

使用 Search Console 监控富媒体搜索结果

Search Console 是一款工具,可帮助您监控网页在 Google 搜索结果中的显示效果。即使没有注册 Search Console,您的网页也可能会显示在 Google 搜索结果中,但注册 Search Console 能够帮助您了解 Google 如何查看您的网站并做出相应的改进。建议您在以下情况下查看 Search Console:

  1. 首次部署结构化数据后
  2. 发布新模板或更新代码后
  3. 定期分析流量时

首次部署结构化数据后

等 Google 将网页编入索引后,请在相关的富媒体搜索结果状态报告中查看是否存在问题。 理想情况下,有效项目数量会增加,而无效项目数量不会增加。如果您发现结构化数据存在问题,请执行以下操作:

  1. 修正无效项目
  2. 检查实际网址,核实问题是否仍然存在。
  3. 使用状态报告请求验证

发布新模板或更新代码后

如果对网站进行重大更改,请监控结构化数据无效项目的增幅。
  • 如果您发现无效项目增多了,可能是因为您推出的某个新模板无法正常工作,或者您的网站以一种新的错误方式与现有模板交互。
  • 如果您发现有效项目减少了(但无效项目的增加情况并不对应),可能是因为您的网页中未再嵌入结构化数据。请通过网址检查工具了解导致此问题的原因。

定期分析流量时

请使用效果报告分析您的 Google 搜索流量。数据将显示您的网页在 Google 搜索结果中显示为富媒体搜索结果的频率、用户点击该网页的频率以及网页在搜索结果中的平均排名。您还可以使用 Search Console API 自动提取这些结果。

Troubleshooting

If you're having trouble implementing or debugging structured data, here are some resources that may help you.

  • If you're using a content management system (CMS) or someone else is taking care of your site, ask them to help you. Make sure to forward any Search Console message that details the issue to them.
  • Google does not guarantee that features that consume structured data will show up in search results. For a list of common reasons why Google may not show your content in a rich result, see the General Structured Data Guidelines.
  • You might have an error in your structured data. Check the list of structured data errors and the Unparsable structured data report.
  • If you received a structured data manual action against your page, the structured data on the page will be ignored (although the page can still appear in Google Search results). To fix structured data issues, use the Manual Actions report.
  • Review the guidelines again to identify if your content isn't compliant with the guidelines. The problem can be caused by either spammy content or spammy markup usage. However, the issue may not be a syntax issue, and so the Rich Results Test won't be able to identify these issues.
  • Troubleshoot missing rich results / drop in total rich results.
  • Allow time for re-crawling and re-indexing. Remember that it may take several days after publishing a page for Google to find and crawl it. For general questions about crawling and indexing, check the Google Search crawling and indexing FAQ.
  • Post a question in the Google Search Central forum.