快速入門導覽課程:使用 Google Apps Script 建構計算機步驟

本快速入門導覽課程說明如何使用 Google Apps Script,為 Workspace Studio 建立自訂步驟。自訂步驟會將兩個數字和一個算術運算做為輸入內容,執行計算並輸出結果。

Workspace Studio 計算機步驟資訊卡,顯示兩個數字輸入欄位和算術運算下拉式選單。
圖 1:使用者在流程中設定計算機步驟。

目標

  • 使用 Google Apps Script 為 Workspace Studio 建立自訂步驟。
  • 將自訂步驟部署至自己的 Google Workspace 機構。
  • 在 Workspace Studio 測試自訂步驟。

必要條件

  • 可存取 Workspace Studio 的 Google 帳戶。

設定指令碼

如要設定指令碼,請建立新的 Apps Script 專案,並新增快速入門導覽課程程式碼:

  1. 按一下下列按鈕,建立新的 Apps Script 專案:

    建立專案

  2. 為 Apps Script 專案命名:

    1. 按一下「未命名專案」。

    2. 在「Project title」(專案名稱) 中輸入 Calculator quickstart。

    3. 按一下 [重新命名]。

  3. 按一下 Code.gs 檔案旁的「更多」圖示 >「重新命名」。將檔案命名為 Calculator。

  4. 將 Calculator.gs 的內容替換為下列程式碼。這個檔案定義了 Google Workspace Studio 的自訂步驟,名為「Calculate」,會接收兩個數字和一個運算做為輸入內容,並傳回計算結果。

    查看 Calculator.gs 程式碼

    /**
     * This script defines a custom step for Google Workspace Studio.
     * The step, named "Calculate", takes two numbers and an operation as input
     * and returns the result of the calculation.
     *
     * The script includes functions to:
     *
     * 1.  Define the configuration UI for the step using Card objects:
     *
     *     - `onConfigCalculateFunction()`: Generates the main configuration card.
     *     - Helper functions like `pushCard()`, `saveButton()` to build card components.
     *
     * 2.  Handle the execution of the step.
     *
     *     - `onExecuteCalculateFunction()`: Retrieves inputs, performs the calculation,
     *       and returns outputs.
     *
     * To learn more, see the following quickstart guide:
     * https://developers.google.com/workspace/add-ons/studio/quickstart
     */
    
    /**
     * Creates an action response to push a new card onto the card stack.
     *
     * This function generates an action object that, when returned, causes the
     * provided card to be pushed onto the card stack, making it the currently
     * displayed card in the configuration UI.
     * @param {Object} card The Card object to push.
     * @return {Object} The action response object.
     */
    function pushCard(card) {
      return {
    
          "action": {
            "navigations": [{
                "push_card": card
              }
            ]
          }  };  
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates an action response to update the currently displayed card.
     *
     * This function generates an action object that, when returned, causes the
     * currently displayed card to be replaced with the provided card in the
     * configuration UI.
     * @param {Object} card The Card object to update.
     * @return {Object} The render actions object.
     */
    function updateCard(card) {
      return {
        "render_actions": {
          "action": {
            "navigations": [{
                "update_card": card
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      };
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates a button configuration object for saving the step.
     *
     * This function generates a button definition that, when clicked, triggers
     * a save action for the current step configuration.
     * @return {Object} The button widget object.
     */
    function saveButton() {
      return {
          "text": "Save",
          "onClick": {
            "hostAppAction" : {
              "workflowAction" : {
                "saveWorkflowAction" : {}
              }
            }
          },
        };
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates a button configuration object for a refresh action.
     *
     * This function generates a button definition that, when clicked, triggers
     * a function to refresh the current card.
     * @param {string} functionName The name of the Apps Script function to call on click.
     * @return {Object} The button widget object.
     */
    function refreshButton(functionName) {
      return {
          "text": "Refresh",
          "onClick": {
            "action" : {
              "function" : functionName
            }
          },
        };
    }
    
    
    /**
     * Generates and displays a configuration card for the sample calculation action.
     *
     * This function creates a card with input fields for two values and a dropdown
     * for selecting an arithmetic operation. The card also includes a "Save"
     * button to save the action configuration for the step.
     *
     * The input fields are configured to let the user select outputs from previous
     * steps as input values using the `hostAppDataSource` property.
     * This function is called when the user adds or edits the "Calculate" step in the UI.
     * @return {Object} The action response object containing the card to display.
     */
    function onConfigCalculateFunction() {
      var card = {
        "sections": [
          {
            "header": "Action sample: Calculate",
            "widgets": [
              {
                "textInput": {
                  "name": "value1",
                  "label": "First value",
                  "hostAppDataSource" : {
                    "workflowDataSource" : {
                      "includeVariables" : true
                    }
                  }
                }
              },
              {
                "selectionInput": {
                  "name": "operation",
                  "label": "Operation",
                  "type": "DROPDOWN",
                  "items": [
                    {
                      "text": "+",
                      "value": "+",
                    },
                    {
                      "text": "-",
                      "value": "-",
                    },
                    {
                      "text": "x",
                      "value": "x",
                    },
                    {
                      "text": "/",
                      "value": "/",
                    }
                  ]
                }
              },
              {
                "textInput": {
                  "name": "value2",
                  "label": "Second value",
                  "hostAppDataSource" : {
                    "workflowDataSource" : {
                      "includeVariables" : true
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      };
      return pushCard(card);
    }
    
    /**
     * Gets an integer value from variable data, handling both string and integer formats.
     *
     * This function attempts to extract an integer value from the provided variable data.
     * It checks if the data contains string values and, if so, parses the first string
     * as an integer. If integer values are present, it returns the first integer.
     * @param {Object} variableData The variable data object from the event.
     * @return {number} The extracted integer value.
     */
    function getIntValue(variableData) {
      if (variableData.stringValues) {
        return parseInt(variableData.stringValues[0]);
      }
      return variableData.integerValues[0];
    }
    
    /**
    * Returns output variables from a step.
    *
    * This function constructs an object that, when returned, sends the
    * provided variable values as output from the current step.
    * The variable values are logged to the console for debugging purposes.
    */
    function outputVariables(variableDataMap) {
     const workflowAction = AddOnsResponseService.newReturnOutputVariablesAction()
       .setVariableDataMap(variableDataMap);
    
     const hostAppAction = AddOnsResponseService.newHostAppAction()
       .setWorkflowAction(workflowAction);
    
     const renderAction = AddOnsResponseService.newRenderActionBuilder()
       .setHostAppAction(hostAppAction)
       .build();
    
     return renderAction;
    }
    
    /**
     * Executes the calculation action based on the inputs from an event.
     *
     * This function retrieves input values ("value1", "value2") and the "operation"
     * from the event, performs the calculation, and returns the "result" and
     * "log" as output variables.
     * This function is called when the flow reaches this custom step.
     * @param {Object} event The event object passed by the runtime.
     * @return {Object} The output variables object.
     */
    function onExecuteCalculateFunction(event) {
     console.log("output: " + JSON.stringify(event));
     var calculatedValue = 0;
     var value1 = event.workflow.actionInvocation.inputs["value1"].integerValues[0];
     var value2 = event.workflow.actionInvocation.inputs["value2"].integerValues[0];
     var operation = event.workflow.actionInvocation.inputs["operation"].stringValues[0];
    
    
     if (operation == "+") {
       calculatedValue = value1 + value2;
     } else if (operation == "-") {
       calculatedValue = value1 - value2;
     } else if (operation == "x") {
       calculatedValue = value1 * value2;
     } else if (operation == "/") {
       calculatedValue = value1 / value2;
     }
    
     const variableDataMap = { "result": AddOnsResponseService.newVariableData().addIntegerValue(calculatedValue) };
    
     return outputVariables(variableDataMap);
    }
  5. 按一下「專案設定」,然後勾選「在編輯器中顯示『appsscript.json』資訊清單檔案」核取方塊。

  6. 按一下「Editor」(編輯器) ,開啟 appsscript.json 資訊清單檔案,並將內容替換為下列程式碼:

    查看 appsscript.json 程式碼

    {
      "timeZone": "America/Los_Angeles",
      "exceptionLogging": "STACKDRIVER",
      "runtimeVersion": "V8",
      "addOns": {
        "common": {
          "name": "Calculator",
          "logoUrl": "https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/productlogos/calculator_search/v1/web-24dp/logo_calculator_search_color_1x_web_24dp.png",
          "useLocaleFromApp": true
        },
        "flows": {
          "workflowElements": [
            {
              "id": "actionElement",
              "state": "ACTIVE",
              "name": "Calculate",
              "description": "Asks the user for two values and a math operation, then performs the math operation on the values and outputs the result.",
              "workflowAction": {
                "inputs": [
                  {
                    "id": "value1",
                    "description": "value1",
                    "cardinality": "SINGLE",
                    "dataType": {
                      "basicType": "INTEGER"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "id": "value2",
                    "description": "value2",
                    "cardinality": "SINGLE",
                    "dataType": {
                      "basicType": "INTEGER"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "id": "operation",
                    "description": "operation",
                    "cardinality": "SINGLE",
                    "dataType": {
                      "basicType": "STRING"
                    }
                  }
                ],
                "outputs": [
                  {
                    "id": "result",
                    "description": "Calculated result",
                    "cardinality": "SINGLE",
                    "dataType": {
                      "basicType": "INTEGER"
                    }
                  }
                ],
                "onConfigFunction": "onConfigCalculateFunction",
                "onExecuteFunction": "onExecuteCalculateFunction"
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  7. 按一下「Save」(儲存) 圖示 。

部署及測試步驟

如要測試步驟,請為外掛程式設定測試部署作業,將步驟新增至流程,然後執行流程。

  1. 為外掛程式設定測試部署作業:

    1. 在 Apps Script 編輯器中開啟指令碼專案。
    2. 依序點選「部署」>「測試部署作業」。
    3. 按一下 [安裝]。
    4. 按一下底部的「完成」。

    您可以與其他使用者的帳戶共用 Apps Script 專案 (需要編輯權限),讓他們測試外掛程式。然後提示使用者按照上述步驟操作。

    安裝完成後,即可立即在 Flows 中使用外掛程式。您可能需要重新整理 Flows,外掛程式才會顯示。您也必須先授權外掛程式,才能使用。

    如要進一步瞭解測試部署作業,請參閱「安裝未發布的外掛程式」。

  2. 開啟 Flow。

  3. 建立包含步驟的流程:

    1. 按一下「 新流程」。
    2. 選取流程的啟動方式。如果步驟需要輸入變數,請將輸入變數設為啟動器的輸出內容。
    3. 按一下「新增步驟」圖示 ,選取您建立或更新的步驟,名為「Calculate」。
    4. 設定步驟。在計算步驟中,選擇兩個值和一項數學運算。系統會自動儲存步驟。
    5. 如要測試步驟的輸出內容,請新增另一個步驟。舉例來說,如要將輸出內容新增至 Google Chat 即時通訊訊息,請新增 Chat 的「在 Chat 中通知我」步驟。在「Message」中,按一下 「Variables」,然後選取步驟的輸出內容。在計算步驟中,依序選取「 變數」>「步驟 2:計算」>「計算結果」。變數會以方塊形式顯示在「Message」(訊息) 欄位中。
    6. 按一下「啟用」。流程已可執行。
  4. 觸發啟動條件,執行流程。舉例來說,如果工作流程是依排程啟動,就會在指定日期和時間執行。

  5. 確認流程是否如預期執行。如要查看記錄,請前往流程建構工具的「Activity」(活動) 分頁。如要瞭解如何在「活動」分頁中建立自訂記錄,請參閱「活動記錄」。

後續步驟

您已成功建立及測試 Workspace Studio 的自訂步驟。您現在可以進行下列操作: