<scripttype="application/ld+json">
{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"EmailMessage","potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://watch-movies.com/watch?movieId=abc123","name":"Watch movie"},"description":"Watch the 'Avengers' movie online"}
</script>
Microdata
<divitemscopeitemtype="http://schema.org/EmailMessage">
<divitemprop="potentialAction"itemscopeitemtype="http://schema.org/ViewAction">
<linkitemprop="target"href="https://watch-movies.com/watch?movieId=abc123"/>
<metaitemprop="name"content="Watch movie"/>
</div>
<metaitemprop="description"content="Watch the 'Avengers' movie online"/>
</div>
[null,null,["อัปเดตล่าสุด 2025-08-29 UTC"],[],[],null,["# Declare Actions\n\nAn Action in schema.org represents a verb or activity that can be performed on a piece of structured data. Multiple types of [actions](/workspace/gmail/markup/actions/actions-overview) are supported and they can all be defined with similar structured data.\n\nGo-To Actions\n-------------\n\nIf you add markup to your content with schema.org entities, you can add Go-To actions for them. For example, to make an `EmailMessage` entity have a `ViewAction` Go-To link, populate the email's `potentialAction` property, as in the following example: \n\n### JSON-LD\n\n \u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\"\u003e\n {\n \"@context\": \"http://schema.org\",\n \"@type\": \"EmailMessage\",\n \"potentialAction\": {\n \"@type\": \"ViewAction\",\n \"target\": \"https://watch-movies.com/watch?movieId=abc123\",\n \"name\": \"Watch movie\"\n },\n \"description\": \"Watch the 'Avengers' movie online\"\n }\n \u003c/script\u003e\n\n### Microdata\n\n \u003cdiv itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/EmailMessage\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv itemprop=\"potentialAction\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/ViewAction\"\u003e\n \u003clink itemprop=\"target\" href=\"https://watch-movies.com/watch?movieId=abc123\"/\u003e\n \u003cmeta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Watch movie\"/\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cmeta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Watch the 'Avengers' movie online\"/\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\nNote that the markup above is automatically ignored by other email clients that do not support schemas in emails.\n\nMobile Deep Linking\n-------------------\n\nGo-To actions can also link directly to content in native mobile apps on\n[Android](https://developer.android.com/training/app-indexing/deep-linking.html) and\n[iOS](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/iPhone/Conceptual/iPhoneOSProgrammingGuide/Inter-AppCommunication/Inter-AppCommunication.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40007072-CH6-SW1). To deep link to\nan app, include additional `target` URLs encoded with the `android-app://` and `ios-app://` schemes as shown below: \n\n### JSON-LD\n\n \"target\": [\n \"\u003cweb url\u003e\",\n \"android-app://\u003candroid package name\u003e/\u003cscheme\u003e/\u003chost\u003e/\u003cpath+query\u003e\",\n \"ios-app://\u003cApp store ID\u003e/\u003cscheme\u003e/\u003chost\u003e\u003cpath+query\u003e\"\n ]\n\n### Microdata\n\n \u003clink itemprop=\"target\" href=\"\u003cweb url\u003e\"/\u003e\n \u003clink itemprop=\"target\" href=\"android-app://\u003candroid package name\u003e/\u003cscheme\u003e/\u003chost\u003e/\u003cpath+query\u003e\"/\u003e\n \u003clink itemprop=\"target\" href=\"ios-app://\u003cApp store ID\u003e/\u003cscheme\u003e/\u003chost\u003e/\u003cpath+query\u003e\"/\u003e\n\nExtending the previous `EmailMessage` example: \n\n### JSON-LD\n\n \u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\"\u003e\n {\n \"@context\": \"http://schema.org\",\n \"@type\": \"EmailMessage\",\n \"name\": \"Watch movie\",\n ... information about the movie ...\n \"potentialAction\": {\n \"@type\": \"ViewAction\",\n \"target\": [\n \"https://watch-movies.com/watch?movieId=abc123\",\n \"android-app://com.watchmovies.app/http/watch-movies.com/watch?movieId=abc123\",\n \"ios-app://12345/movieapp/watch-movies.com/watch?movieId=abc123\"\n ]\n }\n }\n \u003c/script\u003e\n\n### Microdata\n\n \u003cdiv itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/EmailMessage\"\u003e\n \u003cmeta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Watch movie\"/\u003e\n ... information about the movie ...\n \u003cdiv itemprop=\"potentialAction\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/ViewAction\"\u003e\n \u003cmeta itemprop=\"target\" content=\"https://watch-movies.com/watch?movieId=abc123\"/\u003e\n \u003cmeta itemprop=\"target\" content=\"android-app://com.watchmovies.android/http/watch-movies.com/watch?movieId=abc123\"/\u003e\n \u003cmeta itemprop=\"target\" content=\"ios://12345/movieapp/watch-movies.com/watch?movieId=abc123\"/\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\nIf the user doesn't have your app, the action takes the user to the web URL you provide.\n\nIn-App Actions\n--------------\n\nIn-App Actions are handled in-place, inside Gmail, without sending the user to another website. In-App Actions are declared like [Go-To Actions](#go-to_actions), but contain extra information that makes it easy for user-agents (such as Gmail) to handle the action inline.\n\nInstead of declaring an action with a `target`, you need to declare an `HttpActionHandler` for the action with the proper configuration.\n\nFor instance, you can add a confirm button to emails requiring users to approve, confirm, and acknowledge something. Once the user clicks on the button, an HTTP request will be issued from Google to your service, recording the confirmation. `ConfirmAction` can only be interacted with once.\n\nThe following example adds a `ConfirmAction` button to an email about an expense report: \n\n### JSON-LD\n\n \u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\"\u003e\n {\n \"@context\": \"http://schema.org\",\n \"@type\": \"EmailMessage\",\n \"potentialAction\": {\n \"@type\": \"ConfirmAction\",\n \"name\": \"Approve Expense\",\n \"handler\": {\n \"@type\": \"HttpActionHandler\",\n \"url\": \"https://myexpenses.com/approve?expenseId=abc123\"\n }\n },\n \"description\": \"Approval request for John's $10.13 expense for office supplies\"\n }\n \u003c/script\u003e\n\n### Microdata\n\n \u003cdiv itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/EmailMessage\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv itemprop=\"potentialAction\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/ConfirmAction\"\u003e\n \u003cmeta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Approve Expense\"/\u003e\n \u003cdiv itemprop=\"handler\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/HttpActionHandler\"\u003e\n \u003clink itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https://myexpenses.com/approve?expenseId=abc123\"/\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cmeta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Approval request for John's $10.13 expense for office supplies\"/\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\nExpiring Actions\n----------------\n\nIn many cases, actions are only relevant for a limited period of time. Actions associated to entities with known dates, like travel reservations, will automatically expire. Gmail doesn't display the action after the trip has passed.\n\nExpirations can also be explicitly added to actions. For example, an action to clip a coupon or save an offer code might only be valid for a limited time. To set the time window for when an action is displayed, set the `startTime` and `endTime` properties of the action: \n\n### JSON-LD\n\n \u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\"\u003e\n {\n \"@context\": \"http://schema.org\",\n \"@type\": \"EmailMessage\",\n \"potentialAction\": {\n \"@type\": \"ConfirmAction\",\n \"name\": \"Save coupon\",\n \"handler\": {\n \"@type\": \"HttpActionHandler\",\n \"url\": \"https://my-coupons.com/approve?couponId=abc123\"\n },\n \"startTime\": \"2015-06-01T12:00:00Z\",\n \"endTime\": \"2015-06-05T12:00:00Z\"\n }\n }\n \u003c/script\u003e\n\n### Microdata\n\n \u003cdiv itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/EmailMessage\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv itemprop=\"potentialAction\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/ConfirmAction\"\u003e\n \u003cmeta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Save coupon\"/\u003e\n \u003cdiv itemprop=\"handler\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/HttpActionHandler\"\u003e\n \u003clink itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https://my-coupons.com/approve?couponId=abc123\"/\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cmeta itemprop=\"startTime\" content=\"2015-06-01T12:00:00Z\" /\u003e\n \u003cmeta itemprop=\"endTime\" content=\"2015-06-05T12:00:00Z\" /\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\nFurther Reading\n---------------\n\nFor more details about Actions, see:\n\n- [Handling Action Requests](/workspace/gmail/markup/actions/handling-action-requests)\n- [Securing Actions](/workspace/gmail/markup/actions/securing-actions)\n- [Android Deep Linking](https://developer.android.com/training/app-indexing/deep-linking.html)\n- [iOS Deep Linking](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/iPhone/Conceptual/iPhoneOSProgrammingGuide/Inter-AppCommunication/Inter-AppCommunication.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40007072-CH6-SW1)\n\n| **Note:** Some of the schemas used by Google are still going through the standardization process of [schema.org](http://schema.org), and therefore, may change in the future. [Learn More](/workspace/gmail/markup/reference/schema-org-proposals)."]]
