認証トークンを取得する
コレクションでコンテンツを整理
必要に応じて、コンテンツの保存と分類を行います。
Consumer SDK は、JSON Web Token を使用した認可を提供します。JSON ウェブトークン(JWT)は、サービスに対する 1 つ以上のクレームを提供する認可トークンです。
Consumer SDK は、アプリケーションから提供された JSON ウェブトークンを使用して Fleet Engine と通信します。Fleet Engine サーバーで想定されるトークンの詳細については、JSON ウェブトークンと JSON ウェブトークンを発行するをご覧ください。
認証トークンは、次の Fleet Engine サービスへのアクセスを提供します。
TripService
- Consumer SDK に、車両の位置、ルート、到着予定時刻などのルートの詳細へのアクセス権を付与します。乗車サービス用の認証トークンには、トークンの authorization
ヘッダーに tripid:TRIP_ID
クレームを含める必要があります。ここで、TRIP_ID
は共有されるオンデマンド乗車サービスの乗車 ID です。
VehicleService
- 車両の密度レイヤの表示と乗車地点の到着予定時刻の推定のために、Consumer SDK に車両のおおよその位置に関する情報を提供します。Consumer SDK はおおよその位置情報のみを使用するため、車両サービスの認証トークンに vehicleid
クレームは必要ありません。
トークンとは
Fleet Engine では、スマートフォンやブラウザなどの信頼度の低い環境からの API メソッド呼び出しに JSON Web Token(JWT)を使用する必要があります。
JWT はサーバーで生成され、署名と暗号化が行われてクライアントに渡されます。有効期限が切れるか無効になるまで、以降のサーバーとのやり取りで使用されます。
主な詳細
JSON ウェブトークンの詳細については、Fleet Engine の基本の JSON ウェブトークンをご覧ください。
クライアントがトークンを取得する方法
ドライバーまたは消費者が適切な認証情報を使用してアプリにログインすると、そのデバイスから発行される更新はすべて、適切な認証トークンを使用する必要があります。これにより、アプリの権限が Fleet Engine に伝達されます。
デベロッパーとして、クライアント実装で次の操作を行えるようにする必要があります。
- サーバーから JSON ウェブトークンを取得します。
- トークンが期限切れになるまで再利用して、トークンの更新を最小限に抑えます。
- トークンの有効期限が切れたら更新します。
AuthTokenFactory
クラスは、位置情報の更新時に承認トークンを生成します。SDK は、トークンを更新情報とともにパッケージ化して Fleet Engine に送信する必要があります。SDK を初期化する前に、サーバーサイドの実装でトークンを発行できることを確認してください。
Fleet Engine サービスで想定されるトークンの詳細については、Fleet Engine の JSON Web Token を発行するをご覧ください。
認証トークン フェッチャーの例
次のコード例は、認証トークン コールバックを実装する方法を示しています。
Java
class JsonAuthTokenFactory implements AuthTokenFactory {
private static final String TOKEN_URL =
"https://yourauthserver.example/token";
private static class CachedToken {
String tokenValue;
long expiryTimeMs;
String tripId;
}
private CachedToken token;
/*
* This method is called on a background thread. Blocking is OK. However, be
* aware that no information can be obtained from Fleet Engine until this
* method returns.
*/
@Override
public String getToken(AuthTokenContext context) {
// If there is no existing token or token has expired, go get a new one.
String tripId = context.getTripId();
if (tripId == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Trip ID is missing from AuthTokenContext");
}
if (token == null || System.currentTimeMillis() > token.expiryTimeMs ||
!tripId.equals(token.tripId)) {
token = fetchNewToken(tripId);
}
return token.tokenValue;
}
private static CachedToken fetchNewToken(String tripId) {
String url = TOKEN_URL + "/" + tripId;
CachedToken token = new CachedToken();
try (Reader r = new InputStreamReader(new URL(url).openStream())) {
com.google.gson.JsonObject obj
= com.google.gson.JsonParser.parseReader(r).getAsJsonObject();
token.tokenValue = obj.get("ServiceToken").getAsString();
token.expiryTimeMs = obj.get("TokenExpiryMs").getAsLong();
/*
* The expiry time could be an hour from now, but just to try and avoid
* passing expired tokens, we subtract 5 minutes from that time.
*/
token.expiryTimeMs -= 5 * 60 * 1000;
} catch (IOException e) {
/*
* It's OK to throw exceptions here. The error listeners will receive the
* error thrown here.
*/
throw new RuntimeException("Could not get auth token", e);
}
token.tripId = tripId;
return token;
}
}
Kotlin
class JsonAuthTokenFactory : AuthTokenFactory() {
private var token: CachedToken? = null
/*
* This method is called on a background thread. Blocking is OK. However, be
* aware that no information can be obtained from Fleet Engine until this
* method returns.
*/
override fun getToken(context: AuthTokenContext): String {
// If there is no existing token or token has expired, go get a new one.
val tripId =
context.getTripId() ?:
throw RuntimeException("Trip ID is missing from AuthTokenContext")
if (token == null || System.currentTimeMillis() > token.expiryTimeMs ||
tripId != token.tripId) {
token = fetchNewToken(tripId)
}
return token.tokenValue
}
class CachedToken(
var tokenValue: String? = "",
var expiryTimeMs: Long = 0,
var tripId: String? = "",
)
private companion object {
const val TOKEN_URL = "https://yourauthserver.example/token"
fun fetchNewToken(tripId: String) {
val url = "$TOKEN_URL/$tripId"
val token = CachedToken()
try {
val reader = InputStreamReader(URL(url).openStream())
reader.use {
val obj = com.google.gson.JsonParser.parseReader(r).getAsJsonObject()
token.tokenValue = obj.get("ServiceToken").getAsString()
token.expiryTimeMs = obj.get("TokenExpiryMs").getAsLong()
/*
* The expiry time could be an hour from now, but just to try and avoid
* passing expired tokens, we subtract 5 minutes from that time.
*/
token.expiryTimeMs -= 5 * 60 * 1000
}
} catch (e: IOException) {
/*
* It's OK to throw exceptions here. The error listeners will receive the
* error thrown here.
*/
throw RuntimeException("Could not get auth token", e)
}
token.tripId = tripId
return token
}
}
}
次のステップ
Consumer SDK を初期化する
特に記載のない限り、このページのコンテンツはクリエイティブ・コモンズの表示 4.0 ライセンスにより使用許諾されます。コードサンプルは Apache 2.0 ライセンスにより使用許諾されます。詳しくは、Google Developers サイトのポリシーをご覧ください。Java は Oracle および関連会社の登録商標です。
最終更新日 2025-08-31 UTC。
[null,null,["最終更新日 2025-08-31 UTC。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eThe Consumer SDK utilizes JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) for authorization to access trip and vehicle data within Fleet Engine.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eJWTs are generated by your backend server and passed to the client, granting access to specific Fleet Engine services like TripService and VehicleService.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eClient applications need to implement logic to fetch, reuse, and refresh these tokens to maintain ongoing access to Fleet Engine.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eAuthTokenFactory\u003c/code\u003e is used to generate authorization tokens which must be included in requests sent to Fleet Engine.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eImplement a secure token fetching mechanism on your server to provide these tokens for the Consumer SDK.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],["The Consumer SDK utilizes JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) for authorization with Fleet Engine. These JWTs, provided by your application, grant access to services like `TripService` (requiring a `tripid` claim) and `VehicleService`. Your client must fetch, reuse, and refresh JWTs from your server. The `AuthTokenFactory` class generates and packages these tokens with update information for Fleet Engine. Server-side implementation must issue tokens before SDK initialization, ensuring devices have proper authorization credentials for updates.\n"],null,["The Consumer SDK provides authorization using JSON Web Tokens. A JSON Web Token\n(JWT) is an authorization token that provides one or more claims on a service.\n\nThe Consumer SDK uses the JSON Web Token provided by the application to\ncommunicate with the Fleet Engine. For details of the tokens expected by the\nFleet Engine server, see [JSON Web Tokens](/maps/documentation/mobility/fleet-engine/essentials/set-up-fleet/jwt)\nand [Issue JSON Web tokens](/maps/documentation/mobility/fleet-engine/essentials/set-up-fleet/issue-jwt).\n\nThe authorization token provides access to the following Fleet Engine services:\n\n- **`TripService`** - Gives the Consumer SDK access to trip details, including\n vehicle position, route, and ETA. Authorization tokens for the trip service\n must include a `tripid:TRIP_ID` claim in the token's `authorization` header,\n where `TRIP_ID` is the trip ID of the on-demand trip being shared.\n\n- **`VehicleService`** - Gives the Consumer SDK information about the\n approximate vehicle location for displaying the vehicle density layer and\n estimating pickup point ETAs. Because the Consumer SDK uses only approximate\n locations, authorization tokens for the vehicle service don't require a\n `vehicleid` claim.\n\nWhat is a token?\n\nFleet Engine requires the use of **JSON Web Tokens** (JWTs) for API method calls\nfrom **low-trust environments**: smartphones and browsers.\n\nA JWT originates on your server, is signed, encrypted, and passed to the client\nfor subsequent server interactions until it expires or is no longer valid.\n\n**Key details**\n\n- Use [Application Default Credentials](https://google.aip.dev/auth/4110) to authenticate and authorize against Fleet Engine.\n- Use an appropriate service account to sign JWTs. See [Fleet Engine serviceaccount](/maps/documentation/mobility/fleet-engine/essentials/set-up-fleet/service-accounts#fleet_engine_service_account_roles) roles in **Fleet Engine Basics**.\n\nFor more information about JSON Web Tokens, see [JSON Web Tokens](/maps/documentation/mobility/fleet-engine/essentials/set-up-fleet/jwt) in\n**Fleet Engine Essentials**.\n\nHow do clients get tokens?\n\nOnce a driver or consumer logs in to your app using the appropriate\nauthorization credentials, any updates issued from that device must use\nappropriate authorization tokens, which communicates to Fleet Engine the\npermissions for the app.\n\nAs the developer, your client implementation should provide the ability to do\nthe following:\n\n- Fetch a JSON Web Token from your server.\n- Reuse the token until it expires to minimize token refreshes.\n- Refresh the token when it expires.\n\nThe `AuthTokenFactory` class generates authorization tokens at location update\ntime. The SDK must package the tokens with the update\ninformation to send to Fleet Engine. Make sure that your server-side\nimplementation can issue tokens before initializing the SDK.\n\nFor details of the tokens expected by the Fleet Engine service, see [Issue JSON\nWeb Tokens](/maps/documentation/mobility/fleet-engine/essentials/set-up-fleet/issue-jwt) for Fleet Engine.\n\nExample of an authorization token fetcher\n\nThe following code example demonstrates how to implement an authorization token\ncallback. \n\nJava \n\n class JsonAuthTokenFactory implements AuthTokenFactory {\n\n private static final String TOKEN_URL =\n \"https://yourauthserver.example/token\";\n\n private static class CachedToken {\n String tokenValue;\n long expiryTimeMs;\n String tripId;\n }\n\n private CachedToken token;\n\n /*\n\n * This method is called on a background thread. Blocking is OK. However, be\n * aware that no information can be obtained from Fleet Engine until this\n * method returns.\n */\n @Override\n public String getToken(AuthTokenContext context) {\n // If there is no existing token or token has expired, go get a new one.\n String tripId = context.getTripId();\n if (tripId == null) {\n throw new RuntimeException(\"Trip ID is missing from AuthTokenContext\");\n }\n if (token == null || System.currentTimeMillis() \u003e token.expiryTimeMs ||\n !tripId.equals(token.tripId)) {\n token = fetchNewToken(tripId);\n }\n return token.tokenValue;\n }\n\n private static CachedToken fetchNewToken(String tripId) {\n String url = TOKEN_URL + \"/\" + tripId;\n CachedToken token = new CachedToken();\n\n try (Reader r = new InputStreamReader(new URL(url).openStream())) {\n com.google.gson.JsonObject obj\n = com.google.gson.JsonParser.parseReader(r).getAsJsonObject();\n\n token.tokenValue = obj.get(\"ServiceToken\").getAsString();\n token.expiryTimeMs = obj.get(\"TokenExpiryMs\").getAsLong();\n\n /*\n\n * The expiry time could be an hour from now, but just to try and avoid\n * passing expired tokens, we subtract 5 minutes from that time.\n */\n token.expiryTimeMs -= 5 * 60 * 1000;\n } catch (IOException e) {\n /*\n * It's OK to throw exceptions here. The error listeners will receive the\n * error thrown here.\n */\n throw new RuntimeException(\"Could not get auth token\", e);\n }\n token.tripId = tripId;\n\n return token;\n }\n }\n\nKotlin \n\n class JsonAuthTokenFactory : AuthTokenFactory() {\n\n private var token: CachedToken? = null\n\n /*\n\n * This method is called on a background thread. Blocking is OK. However, be\n * aware that no information can be obtained from Fleet Engine until this\n * method returns.\n */\n override fun getToken(context: AuthTokenContext): String {\n // If there is no existing token or token has expired, go get a new one.\n val tripId =\n context.getTripId() ?:\n throw RuntimeException(\"Trip ID is missing from AuthTokenContext\")\n\n if (token == null || System.currentTimeMillis() \u003e token.expiryTimeMs ||\n tripId != token.tripId) {\n token = fetchNewToken(tripId)\n }\n\n return token.tokenValue\n }\n\n class CachedToken(\n var tokenValue: String? = \"\",\n var expiryTimeMs: Long = 0,\n var tripId: String? = \"\",\n )\n\n private companion object {\n const val TOKEN_URL = \"https://yourauthserver.example/token\"\n\n fun fetchNewToken(tripId: String) {\n val url = \"$TOKEN_URL/$tripId\"\n val token = CachedToken()\n\n try {\n val reader = InputStreamReader(URL(url).openStream())\n\n reader.use {\n val obj = com.google.gson.JsonParser.parseReader(r).getAsJsonObject()\n\n token.tokenValue = obj.get(\"ServiceToken\").getAsString()\n token.expiryTimeMs = obj.get(\"TokenExpiryMs\").getAsLong()\n\n /*\n\n * The expiry time could be an hour from now, but just to try and avoid\n * passing expired tokens, we subtract 5 minutes from that time.\n */\n token.expiryTimeMs -= 5 * 60 * 1000\n }\n } catch (e: IOException) {\n /*\n * It's OK to throw exceptions here. The error listeners will receive the\n * error thrown here.\n */\n throw RuntimeException(\"Could not get auth token\", e)\n }\n\n token.tripId = tripId\n\n return token\n }\n }\n }\n\nWhat's next\n\n[Initialize the Consumer SDK](/maps/documentation/mobility/journey-sharing/on-demand/android/init-sdk)"]]