Exchange 数据

在设备之间建立连接后，您就可以通过以下方式交换数据：发送和接收 Payload 对象。答 Payload 可以表示简单的字节数组，例如短文本消息；文件，例如照片或视频；或音频流，如来自设备麦克风。

载荷使用 sendPayload() 方法发送，并在传递到 acceptConnection() 的 PayloadCallback 实现中接收，如管理连接中所述。

载荷类型

字节

字节载荷是最简单的载荷类型。它们适用于消息或元数据等简单数据，大小上限为 Connections.MAX_BYTES_DATA_SIZE。以下是发送 BYTES 载荷的示例：

Payload bytesPayload = Payload.fromBytes(new byte[] {0xa, 0xb, 0xc, 0xd});
Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(toEndpointId, bytesPayload);

通过实现传递给 acceptConnection() 的 PayloadCallback 的 onPayloadReceived() 方法，接收 BYTES 载荷。

static class ReceiveBytesPayloadListener extends PayloadCallback {

  @Override
  public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
    // This always gets the full data of the payload. Is null if it's not a BYTES payload.
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
      byte[] receivedBytes = payload.asBytes();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
    // Bytes payloads are sent as a single chunk, so you'll receive a SUCCESS update immediately
    // after the call to onPayloadReceived().
  }
}

与 FILE 和 STREAM 载荷不同，BYTES 载荷作为单个因此无需等待 SUCCESS 更新（尽管（在调用 onPayloadReceived() 之后立即）。相反，您可以安全地调用 payload.asBytes() 以获取立即调用 onPayloadReceived()。

文件

文件载荷是通过存储在本地设备上的文件创建的，例如照片或视频文件。以下是发送 FILE 载荷的简单示例：

File fileToSend = new File(context.getFilesDir(), "hello.txt");
try {
  Payload filePayload = Payload.fromFile(fileToSend);
  Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(toEndpointId, filePayload);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
  Log.e("MyApp", "File not found", e);
}

更高效的做法是使用 ParcelFileDescriptor 创建 FILES 载荷（如果有），例如从 ContentResolver 创建。这样可以最大限度地减少复制文件字节：

ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(uri, "r");
filePayload = Payload.fromFile(pfd);

收到文件后，系统会将该文件保存在收件人的“下载内容”文件夹 (DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS) 中通用名称、无扩展名的设备。转移完成后（通过对 onPayloadTransferUpdate() 进行调用）来表示 PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.SUCCESS，则可以像这样检索 File 对象，如果您的应用以 <Q 设备：

File payloadFile = filePayload.asFile().asJavaFile();

// Rename the file.
payloadFile.renameTo(new File(payloadFile.getParentFile(), filename));

如果您的应用以 Android Q 设备为目标平台，您可以添加 android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"，以便继续使用以前的代码。否则，对于 Q+，您需要遵循 Scoped Storage 规则，并使用从服务传递的 URI 访问收到的文件。

// Because of https://developer.android.com/preview/privacy/scoped-storage, we are not
// allowed to access filepaths from another process directly. Instead, we must open the
// uri using our ContentResolver.
Uri uri = filePayload.asFile().asUri();
try {
  // Copy the file to a new location.
  InputStream in = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
  copyStream(in, new FileOutputStream(new File(context.getCacheDir(), filename)));
} catch (IOException e) {
  // Log the error.
} finally {
  // Delete the original file.
  context.getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
}

在下面这个更复杂的示例中，ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT intent 提示用户选择文件，系统会使用 ParcelFileDescriptor 以载荷的形式高效地发送文件。文件名还会作为 BYTES 载荷发送。

private static final int READ_REQUEST_CODE = 42;
private static final String ENDPOINT_ID_EXTRA = "com.foo.myapp.EndpointId";

/**
 * Fires an intent to spin up the file chooser UI and select an image for sending to endpointId.
 */
private void showImageChooser(String endpointId) {
  Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT);
  intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
  intent.setType("image/*");
  intent.putExtra(ENDPOINT_ID_EXTRA, endpointId);
  startActivityForResult(intent, READ_REQUEST_CODE);
}

@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent resultData) {
  super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, resultData);
  if (requestCode == READ_REQUEST_CODE
      && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK
      && resultData != null) {
    String endpointId = resultData.getStringExtra(ENDPOINT_ID_EXTRA);

    // The URI of the file selected by the user.
    Uri uri = resultData.getData();

    Payload filePayload;
    try {
      // Open the ParcelFileDescriptor for this URI with read access.
      ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(uri, "r");
      filePayload = Payload.fromFile(pfd);
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      Log.e("MyApp", "File not found", e);
      return;
    }

    // Construct a simple message mapping the ID of the file payload to the desired filename.
    String filenameMessage = filePayload.getId() + ":" + uri.getLastPathSegment();

    // Send the filename message as a bytes payload.
    Payload filenameBytesPayload =
        Payload.fromBytes(filenameMessage.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(endpointId, filenameBytesPayload);

    // Finally, send the file payload.
    Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(endpointId, filePayload);
  }
}

由于文件名作为载荷发送，我们的接收者可以移动或重命名该文件，使其具有适当的扩展名：

static class ReceiveFilePayloadCallback extends PayloadCallback {
  private final Context context;
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, Payload> incomingFilePayloads = new SimpleArrayMap<>();
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, Payload> completedFilePayloads = new SimpleArrayMap<>();
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, String> filePayloadFilenames = new SimpleArrayMap<>();

  public ReceiveFilePayloadCallback(Context context) {
    this.context = context;
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
      String payloadFilenameMessage = new String(payload.asBytes(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
      long payloadId = addPayloadFilename(payloadFilenameMessage);
      processFilePayload(payloadId);
    } else if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.FILE) {
      // Add this to our tracking map, so that we can retrieve the payload later.
      incomingFilePayloads.put(payload.getId(), payload);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Extracts the payloadId and filename from the message and stores it in the
   * filePayloadFilenames map. The format is payloadId:filename.
   */
  private long addPayloadFilename(String payloadFilenameMessage) {
    String[] parts = payloadFilenameMessage.split(":");
    long payloadId = Long.parseLong(parts[0]);
    String filename = parts[1];
    filePayloadFilenames.put(payloadId, filename);
    return payloadId;
  }

  private void processFilePayload(long payloadId) {
    // BYTES and FILE could be received in any order, so we call when either the BYTES or the FILE
    // payload is completely received. The file payload is considered complete only when both have
    // been received.
    Payload filePayload = completedFilePayloads.get(payloadId);
    String filename = filePayloadFilenames.get(payloadId);
    if (filePayload != null && filename != null) {
      completedFilePayloads.remove(payloadId);
      filePayloadFilenames.remove(payloadId);

      // Get the received file (which will be in the Downloads folder)
      // Because of https://developer.android.com/preview/privacy/scoped-storage, we are not
      // allowed to access filepaths from another process directly. Instead, we must open the
      // uri using our ContentResolver.
      Uri uri = filePayload.asFile().asUri();
      try {
        // Copy the file to a new location.
        InputStream in = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
        copyStream(in, new FileOutputStream(new File(context.getCacheDir(), filename)));
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // Log the error.
      } finally {
        // Delete the original file.
        context.getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
      }
    }
  }

  // add removed tag back to fix b/183037922
  private void processFilePayload2(long payloadId) {
    // BYTES and FILE could be received in any order, so we call when either the BYTES or the FILE
    // payload is completely received. The file payload is considered complete only when both have
    // been received.
    Payload filePayload = completedFilePayloads.get(payloadId);
    String filename = filePayloadFilenames.get(payloadId);
    if (filePayload != null && filename != null) {
      completedFilePayloads.remove(payloadId);
      filePayloadFilenames.remove(payloadId);

      // Get the received file (which will be in the Downloads folder)
      if (VERSION.SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.Q) {
        // Because of https://developer.android.com/preview/privacy/scoped-storage, we are not
        // allowed to access filepaths from another process directly. Instead, we must open the
        // uri using our ContentResolver.
        Uri uri = filePayload.asFile().asUri();
        try {
          // Copy the file to a new location.
          InputStream in = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
          copyStream(in, new FileOutputStream(new File(context.getCacheDir(), filename)));
        } catch (IOException e) {
          // Log the error.
        } finally {
          // Delete the original file.
          context.getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
        }
      } else {
        File payloadFile = filePayload.asFile().asJavaFile();

        // Rename the file.
        payloadFile.renameTo(new File(payloadFile.getParentFile(), filename));
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
    if (update.getStatus() == PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.SUCCESS) {
      long payloadId = update.getPayloadId();
      Payload payload = incomingFilePayloads.remove(payloadId);
      completedFilePayloads.put(payloadId, payload);
      if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.FILE) {
        processFilePayload(payloadId);
      }
    }
  }

  /** Copies a stream from one location to another. */
  private static void copyStream(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
    try {
      byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
      int read;
      while ((read = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        out.write(buffer, 0, read);
      }
      out.flush();
    } finally {
      in.close();
      out.close();
    }
  }
}

数据流

如果您要发送大量实时生成的文件，例如音频流。通过以下方式创建 STREAM 载荷：调用 Payload.fromStream()，传入 InputStream 或 ParcelFileDescriptor。例如：

URL url = new URL("https://developers.google.com/nearby/connections/android/exchange-data");
Payload streamPayload = Payload.fromStream(url.openStream());
Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(toEndpointId, streamPayload);

在接收方上，在成功的 onPayloadTransferUpdate 回调中调用 payload.asStream().asInputStream() 或 payload.asStream().asParcelFileDescriptor()：

static class ReceiveStreamPayloadCallback extends PayloadCallback {
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, Thread> backgroundThreads = new SimpleArrayMap<>();

  private static final long READ_STREAM_IN_BG_TIMEOUT = 5000;

  @Override
  public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
    if (backgroundThreads.containsKey(update.getPayloadId())
        && update.getStatus() != PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS) {
      backgroundThreads.get(update.getPayloadId()).interrupt();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.STREAM) {
      // Read the available bytes in a while loop to free the stream pipe in time. Otherwise, the
      // bytes will block the pipe and slow down the throughput.
      Thread backgroundThread =
          new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
              InputStream inputStream = payload.asStream().asInputStream();
              long lastRead = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
              while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
                if ((SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - lastRead) >= READ_STREAM_IN_BG_TIMEOUT) {
                  Log.e("MyApp", "Read data from stream but timed out.");
                  break;
                }

                try {
                  int availableBytes = inputStream.available();
                  if (availableBytes > 0) {
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[availableBytes];
                    if (inputStream.read(bytes) == availableBytes) {
                      lastRead = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
                      // Do something with is here...
                    }
                  } else {
                    // Sleep or just continue.
                  }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                  Log.e("MyApp", "Failed to read bytes from InputStream.", e);
                  break;
                } // try-catch
              } // while
            }
          };
      backgroundThread.start();
      backgroundThreads.put(payload.getId(), backgroundThread);
    }
  }
}

使用多个载荷排序

同一类型的载荷保证按其发送顺序到达，但不保证会保持不同类型。例如，如果发送者发送 FILE 载荷，后跟 BYTE 载荷，接收方可以先获取 BYTE 载荷，然后获取 FILE 载荷。

进度更新

onPayloadTransferUpdate() 方法提供有关传入和传出载荷进度的更新。在这两种情况下，都是为了方便向用户显示传输进度，例如使用进度条。对于传入的载荷，更新还会指明收到新数据的时间。

以下示例代码演示了一种显示通过通知传入和传出的载荷：

class ReceiveWithProgressCallback extends PayloadCallback {
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, NotificationCompat.Builder> incomingPayloads =
      new SimpleArrayMap<>();
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, NotificationCompat.Builder> outgoingPayloads =
      new SimpleArrayMap<>();

  NotificationManager notificationManager =
      (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

  private void sendPayload(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
      // No need to track progress for bytes.
      return;
    }

    // Build and start showing the notification.
    NotificationCompat.Builder notification = buildNotification(payload, /*isIncoming=*/ false);
    notificationManager.notify((int) payload.getId(), notification.build());

    // Add it to the tracking list so we can update it.
    outgoingPayloads.put(payload.getId(), notification);
  }

  private NotificationCompat.Builder buildNotification(Payload payload, boolean isIncoming) {
    NotificationCompat.Builder notification =
        new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)
            .setContentTitle(isIncoming ? "Receiving..." : "Sending...");
    boolean indeterminate = false;
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.STREAM) {
      // We can only show indeterminate progress for stream payloads.
      indeterminate = true;
    }
    notification.setProgress(100, 0, indeterminate);
    return notification;
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
      // No need to track progress for bytes.
      return;
    }

    // Build and start showing the notification.
    NotificationCompat.Builder notification = buildNotification(payload, true /*isIncoming*/);
    notificationManager.notify((int) payload.getId(), notification.build());

    // Add it to the tracking list so we can update it.
    incomingPayloads.put(payload.getId(), notification);
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
    long payloadId = update.getPayloadId();
    NotificationCompat.Builder notification = null;
    if (incomingPayloads.containsKey(payloadId)) {
      notification = incomingPayloads.get(payloadId);
      if (update.getStatus() != PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS) {
        // This is the last update, so we no longer need to keep track of this notification.
        incomingPayloads.remove(payloadId);
      }
    } else if (outgoingPayloads.containsKey(payloadId)) {
      notification = outgoingPayloads.get(payloadId);
      if (update.getStatus() != PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS) {
        // This is the last update, so we no longer need to keep track of this notification.
        outgoingPayloads.remove(payloadId);
      }
    }

    if (notification == null) {
      return;
    }

    switch (update.getStatus()) {
      case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS:
        long size = update.getTotalBytes();
        if (size == -1) {
          // This is a stream payload, so we don't need to update anything at this point.
          return;
        }
        int percentTransferred =
            (int) (100.0 * (update.getBytesTransferred() / (double) update.getTotalBytes()));
        notification.setProgress(100, percentTransferred, /* indeterminate= */ false);
        break;
      case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.SUCCESS:
        // SUCCESS always means that we transferred 100%.
        notification
            .setProgress(100, 100, /* indeterminate= */ false)
            .setContentText("Transfer complete!");
        break;
      case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.FAILURE:
      case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.CANCELED:
        notification.setProgress(0, 0, false).setContentText("Transfer failed");
        break;
      default:
        // Unknown status.
    }

    notificationManager.notify((int) payloadId, notification.build());
  }
}