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{
      "requests" : [
        {
          "protocol": "openid4vp-v1-signed",
          "data": {<signed_credential_request>} // This is an object, shouldn't be a string.
        }
      ]
}

def construct_openid4vp_request(
    doctypes: list[str],
    requested_fields: list[dict],
    nonce_base64: str,
    jwe_encryption_public_jwk: jwk.JWK,
    is_zkp_request: bool,
    is_signed_request: bool,
    state: dict,
    origin: str
) -> dict:

    # ... [Existing logic to build 'presentation_definition' and basic 'request_payload'] ...

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    # SIGNED REQUEST IMPLEMENTATION (JAR)
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    if is_signed_request:
        try:
            # 1. Load the Verifier's Certificate
            # We must load the PEM string into a cryptography x509 object
            verifier_cert_obj = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(
                CERTIFICATE.encode('utf-8'),
                backend=default_backend()
            )

            # 2. Calculate Client ID (x509_hash)
            # We calculate the SHA-256 hash of the DER-encoded certificate.
            cert_der = verifier_cert_obj.public_bytes(serialization.Encoding.DER)
            verifier_fingerprint_bytes = hashlib.sha256(cert_der).digest()

            # Create a URL-safe Base64 hash (removing padding '=')
            verifier_fingerprint_b64 = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(verifier_fingerprint_bytes).decode('utf-8').rstrip("=")

            # Format the client_id as required by the spec
            client_id = f'x509_hash:{verifier_fingerprint_b64}'

            # 3. Update Request Payload with JAR specific fields
            request_payload["client_id"] = client_id

            # Explicitly set expected origins to prevent relay attacks
            # Format for android origin: origin = android:apk-key-hash:<base64SHA256_ofAppSigningCert>
            # Format for web origin: origin = <origin_url>
            if origin:
                request_payload["expected_origins"] = [origin]

            # 4. Create Signed JWT (JWS)
            # Load the signing private key
            signing_key = jwk.JWK.from_pem(PRIVATE_KEY.encode('utf-8'))

            # Initialize JWS with the JSON payload
            jws_token = jws.JWS(json.dumps(request_payload).encode('utf-8'))

            # Construct the JOSE Header
            # 'x5c' (X.509 Certificate Chain) is critical: it allows the wallet
            # to validate your key against the one registered in the console.
            x5c_value = base64.b64encode(cert_der).decode('utf-8')

            protected_header = {
                "alg": "ES256",                 # Algorithm (e.g., ES256 or RS256)
                "typ": "oauth-authz-req+jwt",   # Standard type for JAR
                "kid": "1",                     # Key ID
                "x5c": [x5c_value]              # Embed the certificate
            }

            # Sign the token
            jws_token.add_signature(
                key=signing_key,
                alg=None,
                protected=json_encode(protected_header)
            )

            # 5. Return the Request Object
            # Instead of returning the raw JSON, we return the signed JWT string
            # under the 'request' key.
            return {"request": jws_token.serialize(compact=True)}

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error signing OpenID4VP request: {e}")
            return None

    # ... [Fallback for unsigned requests] ...
    return request_payload

dependencies {
    implementation("androidx.credentials:credentials:1.5.0-beta01")
    implementation("androidx.credentials:credentials-play-services-auth:1.5.0-beta01")
}

// Use your app or activity context to instantiate a client instance of CredentialManager.
val credentialManager = CredentialManager.create(context)

// The request in the JSON format to conform with
// the JSON-ified Digital Credentials API request definition.
val requestJson = generateRequestFromServer()
val digitalCredentialOption =
    GetDigitalCredentialOption(requestJson = requestJson)

// Use the option from the previous step to build the `GetCredentialRequest`.
val getCredRequest = GetCredentialRequest(
    listOf(digitalCredentialOption)
)

coroutineScope.launch {
    try {
        val result = credentialManager.getCredential(
            context = activityContext,
            request = getCredRequest
        )
        verifyResult(result)
    } catch (e : GetCredentialException) {
        handleFailure(e)
    }
}

// Handle the successfully returned credential.
fun verifyResult(result: GetCredentialResponse) {
    val credential = result.credential
    when (credential) {
        is DigitalCredential -> {
            val responseJson = credential.credentialJson
            validateResponseOnServer(responseJson) // make a server call to validate the response
        }
        else -> {
            // Catch any unrecognized credential type here.
            Log.e(TAG, "Unexpected type of credential ${credential.type}")
        }
    }
}

// Handle failure.
fun handleFailure(e: GetCredentialException) {
  when (e) {
        is GetCredentialCancellationException -> {
            // The user intentionally canceled the operation and chose not
            // to share the credential.
        }
        is GetCredentialInterruptedException -> {
            // Retry-able error. Consider retrying the call.
        }
        is NoCredentialException -> {
            // No credential was available.
        }
        else -> Log.w(TAG, "Unexpected exception type ${e::class.java}")
    }
}

{
  "protocol" : "openid4vp-v1-signed",
  "data" : {
    <encrpted_response>
  }
}

const credentialResponse = await navigator.credentials.get({
          digital : {
          requests : [
            {
              protocol: "openid4vp-v1-signed",
              data: {<credential_request>} // This is an object, shouldn't be a string.
            }
          ]
        }
      })

  from jwcrypto import jwe, jwk

  # Retrieve the Private Key from Datastore
  reader_private_jwk = jwk.JWK.from_json(jwe_private_key_json_str)
  # Save public key thumbprint for session transcript
  encryption_public_jwk_thumbprint = reader_private_jwk.thumbprint()


  # Decrypt the JWE encrypted response from Google Wallet
  jwe_object = jwe.JWE()
  jwe_object.deserialize(encrypted_jwe_response_from_wallet)
  jwe_object.decrypt(reader_private_jwk)
  decrypted_payload_bytes = jwe_object.payload
  decrypted_data = json.loads(decrypted_payload_bytes)

  {
    "vp_token":
    {
      "cred1": ["<base64UrlNoPadding_encoded_credential>"] // This applies to OpenID4VP 1.0 spec.
    }
  }

{
  "version": "1.0",
  "documents": [
    {
      "docType": "org.iso.18013.5.1.mDL",
      "issuerSigned": {
        "nameSpaces": {...}, // contains data elements
        "issuerAuth": [...]  // COSE_Sign1 w/ issuer PK, mso + sig
      },
      "deviceSigned": {
        "nameSpaces": 24(<< {} >>), // empty
        "deviceAuth": {
          "deviceSignature": [...] // COSE_Sign1 w/ device signature
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "status": 0
}

  ...
  "dcql_query": {
    "credentials": [{
      "id": "cred1",
      "format": "mso_mdoc_zk",
      "meta": {
        "doctype_value": "org.iso.18013.5.1.mDL"
        "zk_system_type": [
        {
          "system": "longfellow-libzk-v1",
          "circuit_hash": "f88a39e561ec0be02bb3dfe38fb609ad154e98decbbe632887d850fc612fea6f", // This will differ if you need more than 1 attribute.
          "num_attributes": 1, // number of attributes (in claims) this has can support
          "version": 5,
          "block_enc_hash": 4096,
          "block_enc_sig": 2945,
        }
        {
          "system": "longfellow-libzk-v1",
          "circuit_hash": "137e5a75ce72735a37c8a72da1a8a0a5df8d13365c2ae3d2c2bd6a0e7197c7c6", // This will differ if you need more than 1 attribute.
          "num_attributes": 1, // number of attributes (in claims) this has can support
          "version": 6,
          "block_enc_hash": 4096,
          "block_enc_sig": 2945,
        }
       ],
       "verifier_message": "challenge"
      },
     "claims": [{
         ...
      "client_metadata": {
        "jwks": {
          "keys": [ // sample request encryption key
            {
              ...