高级日历服务

通过高级日历服务，您可以在 Google Apps 脚本中使用公共 Google 日历 API。 与 Apps 脚本的 内置日历服务非常相似， 此 API 允许脚本访问和修改用户的 Google 日历， 包括用户订阅的其他日历。在大多数情况下，内置服务更易于使用，但此高级服务提供了一些额外的功能，包括为单个活动设置背景颜色。

这是一项高级服务，必须先 启用才能使用。

参考

如需详细了解此服务，请参阅 公共 日历 API 的参考文档。与 Apps 脚本中的所有高级服务一样，高级日历服务使用的对象、方法和参数均与公共 API 相同。如需了解详情，请参阅 方法签名是如何确定的。

如需报告问题和查找其他支持，请参阅 日历支持指南。

HTTP 请求标头

高级日历服务可以接受 HTTP 请求标头 If-Match 和 If-None-Match。 如需了解详情，请参阅 参考文档。

示例代码

以下示例代码使用 API 的第 3 版 。

创建事件

以下示例演示了如何在用户的默认日历中创建活动。

advanced/calendar.gs
/**
 * Creates an event in the user's default calendar.
 * @see https://developers.google.com/calendar/api/v3/reference/events/insert
 */
function createEvent() {
  const calendarId = "primary";
  const start = getRelativeDate(1, 12);
  const end = getRelativeDate(1, 13);
  // event details for creating event.
  let event = {
    summary: "Lunch Meeting",
    location: "The Deli",
    description: "To discuss our plans for the presentation next week.",
    start: {
      dateTime: start.toISOString(),
    },
    end: {
      dateTime: end.toISOString(),
    },
    attendees: [
      { email: "gduser1@workspacesample.dev" },
      { email: "gduser2@workspacesample.dev" },
    ],
    // Red background. Use Calendar.Colors.get() for the full list.
    colorId: 11,
  };
  try {
    // call method to insert/create new event in provided calandar
    event = Calendar.Events.insert(event, calendarId);
    console.log(`Event ID: ${event.id}`);
  } catch (err) {
    console.log("Failed with error %s", err.message);
  }
}

/**
 * Helper function to get a new Date object relative to the current date.
 * @param {number} daysOffset The number of days in the future for the new date.
 * @param {number} hour The hour of the day for the new date, in the time zone
 *     of the script.
 * @return {Date} The new date.
 */
function getRelativeDate(daysOffset, hour) {
  const date = new Date();
  date.setDate(date.getDate() + daysOffset);
  date.setHours(hour);
  date.setMinutes(0);
  date.setSeconds(0);
  date.setMilliseconds(0);
  return date;
}

列出日历

以下示例演示了如何检索用户日历列表中显示的日历的详细信息。

advanced/calendar.gs
/**
 * Lists the calendars shown in the user's calendar list.
 * @see https://developers.google.com/calendar/api/v3/reference/calendarList/list
 */
function listCalendars() {
  let calendars;
  let pageToken;
  do {
    calendars = Calendar.CalendarList.list({
      maxResults: 100,
      pageToken: pageToken,
    });
    if (!calendars.items || calendars.items.length === 0) {
      console.log("No calendars found.");
      return;
    }
    // Print the calendar id and calendar summary
    for (const calendar of calendars.items) {
      console.log("%s (ID: %s)", calendar.summary, calendar.id);
    }
    pageToken = calendars.nextPageToken;
  } while (pageToken);
}

列出事件

以下示例演示了如何列出用户默认日历中接下来的 10 个即将发生的活动。

advanced/calendar.gs
/**
 * Lists the next 10 upcoming events in the user's default calendar.
 * @see https://developers.google.com/calendar/api/v3/reference/events/list
 */
function listNext10Events() {
  const calendarId = "primary";
  const now = new Date();
  const events = Calendar.Events.list(calendarId, {
    timeMin: now.toISOString(),
    singleEvents: true,
    orderBy: "startTime",
    maxResults: 10,
  });
  if (!events.items || events.items.length === 0) {
    console.log("No events found.");
    return;
  }
  for (const event of events.items) {
    if (event.start.date) {
      // All-day event.
      const start = new Date(event.start.date);
      console.log("%s (%s)", event.summary, start.toLocaleDateString());
      continue;
    }
    const start = new Date(event.start.dateTime);
    console.log("%s (%s)", event.summary, start.toLocaleString());
  }
}

有条件地修改事件

以下示例展示了如何使用 If-Match 标头有条件地更新日历活动。该脚本会创建一个新活动，等待 30 秒，然后仅当自活动创建以来没有任何活动详细信息发生更改时，才会更新该活动。

advanced/calendar.gs
/**
 * Creates an event in the user's default calendar, waits 30 seconds, then
 * attempts to update the event's location, on the condition that the event
 * has not been changed since it was created.  If the event is changed during
 * the 30-second wait, then the subsequent update will throw a 'Precondition
 * Failed' error.
 *
 * The conditional update is accomplished by setting the 'If-Match' header
 * to the etag of the new event when it was created.
 */
function conditionalUpdate() {
  const calendarId = "primary";
  const start = getRelativeDate(1, 12);
  const end = getRelativeDate(1, 13);
  let event = {
    summary: "Lunch Meeting",
    location: "The Deli",
    description: "To discuss our plans for the presentation next week.",
    start: {
      dateTime: start.toISOString(),
    },
    end: {
      dateTime: end.toISOString(),
    },
    attendees: [
      { email: "gduser1@workspacesample.dev" },
      { email: "gduser2@workspacesample.dev" },
    ],
    // Red background. Use Calendar.Colors.get() for the full list.
    colorId: 11,
  };
  event = Calendar.Events.insert(event, calendarId);
  console.log(`Event ID: ${event.getId()}`);
  // Wait 30 seconds to see if the event has been updated outside this script.
  Utilities.sleep(30 * 1000);
  // Try to update the event, on the condition that the event state has not
  // changed since the event was created.
  event.location = "The Coffee Shop";
  try {
    event = Calendar.Events.update(
      event,
      calendarId,
      event.id,
      {},
      { "If-Match": event.etag },
    );
    console.log(`Successfully updated event: ${event.id}`);
  } catch (e) {
    console.log(`Fetch threw an exception: ${e}`);
  }
}

有条件地检索事件

以下示例展示了如何使用 If-None-Match 标头有条件地提取日历活动。该脚本会创建一个新活动，然后轮询该活动以查看是否有更改，持续 30 秒。每当活动发生更改时，系统都会提取新版本。

advanced/calendar.gs
/**
 * Creates an event in the user's default calendar, then re-fetches the event
 * every second, on the condition that the event has changed since the last
 * fetch.
 *
 * The conditional fetch is accomplished by setting the 'If-None-Match' header
 * to the etag of the last known state of the event.
 */
function conditionalFetch() {
  const calendarId = "primary";
  const start = getRelativeDate(1, 12);
  const end = getRelativeDate(1, 13);
  let event = {
    summary: "Lunch Meeting",
    location: "The Deli",
    description: "To discuss our plans for the presentation next week.",
    start: {
      dateTime: start.toISOString(),
    },
    end: {
      dateTime: end.toISOString(),
    },
    attendees: [
      { email: "gduser1@workspacesample.dev" },
      { email: "gduser2@workspacesample.dev" },
    ],
    // Red background. Use Calendar.Colors.get() for the full list.
    colorId: 11,
  };
  try {
    // insert event
    event = Calendar.Events.insert(event, calendarId);
    console.log(`Event ID: ${event.getId()}`);
    // Re-fetch the event each second, but only get a result if it has changed.
    for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
      Utilities.sleep(1000);
      event = Calendar.Events.get(
        calendarId,
        event.id,
        {},
        { "If-None-Match": event.etag },
      );
      console.log(`New event description: ${event.start.dateTime}`);
    }
  } catch (e) {
    console.log(`Fetch threw an exception: ${e}`);
  }
}

同步事件

以下示例演示了如何使用同步令牌检索事件。 如果您在日历高级服务请求中添加同步令牌，则生成的响应只会包含自生成该令牌以来发生更改的项目，从而提高处理效率。如需详细了解同步过程，请参阅 高效同步资源。

以下示例使用了前面示例中定义的相同 getRelativeDate(daysOffset, hour) 方法。

advanced/calendar.gs
/**
 * Retrieve and log events from the given calendar that have been modified
 * since the last sync. If the sync token is missing or invalid, log all
 * events from up to a month ago (a full sync).
 *
 * @param {string} calendarId The ID of the calender to retrieve events from.
 * @param {boolean} fullSync If true, throw out any existing sync token and
 *        perform a full sync; if false, use the existing sync token if possible.
 */
function logSyncedEvents(calendarId, fullSync) {
  const properties = PropertiesService.getUserProperties();
  const options = {
    maxResults: 100,
  };
  const syncToken = properties.getProperty("syncToken");
  if (syncToken && !fullSync) {
    options.syncToken = syncToken;
  } else {
    // Sync events up to thirty days in the past.
    options.timeMin = getRelativeDate(-30, 0).toISOString();
  }
  // Retrieve events one page at a time.
  let events;
  let pageToken;
  do {
    try {
      options.pageToken = pageToken;
      events = Calendar.Events.list(calendarId, options);
    } catch (e) {
      // Check to see if the sync token was invalidated by the server;
      // if so, perform a full sync instead.
      if (
        e.message === "Sync token is no longer valid, a full sync is required."
      ) {
        properties.deleteProperty("syncToken");
        logSyncedEvents(calendarId, true);
        return;
      }
      throw new Error(e.message);
    }
    if (events.items && events.items.length === 0) {
      console.log("No events found.");
      return;
    }
    for (const event of events.items) {
      if (event.status === "cancelled") {
        console.log("Event id %s was cancelled.", event.id);
        return;
      }
      if (event.start.date) {
        const start = new Date(event.start.date);
        console.log("%s (%s)", event.summary, start.toLocaleDateString());
        return;
      }
      // Events that don't last all day; they have defined start times.
      const start = new Date(event.start.dateTime);
      console.log("%s (%s)", event.summary, start.toLocaleString());
    }
    pageToken = events.nextPageToken;
  } while (pageToken);
  properties.setProperty("syncToken", events.nextSyncToken);
}