이 데이터 세트는 미국 전역의 석유 및 가스 생산 지역에 초점을 맞춘 MethaneAIR 항공편의 측정을 사용하여 공간적으로 세분화된 메탄 배출 플럭스(kg/hr)를 제공합니다. 픽셀 값을 합산하여 조사 지역의 총 배출량을 구합니다.
메탄은 대기에 도달한 후 처음 20년 동안 이산화탄소보다 80배 이상 강력한 온실가스입니다. 오늘날 지구 온난화의 최소 30% 는 인간의 행동에서 비롯된 메탄에 의해 발생합니다.
인간 활동과 관련된 메탄 배출량(석유 및 가스 작업, 농업, 폐기물 관리에서 발생하는 피할 수 있는 배출량 포함)을 줄이는 것이 지구 온난화 속도를 늦추는 가장 빠른 방법입니다.
지역 배출량은 지리 통계 역모델 프레임워크를 사용하여 관측된 XCH4에서 추정됩니다 ('MethaneAIR L4 지역 소스' 데이터 세트 참고). 대기 수송 모델(확률적 시간 역전 라그랑주 수송 모델, 'STILT', Lin et al. (2003), Fasoli et al. (2018))은 NOAA 고해상도 신속 새로고침 모델 'HRRR'의 기상 데이터를 기반으로 관측된 XCH4의 변동을 잠재적인 풍상 공급원과 연결하는 데 사용됩니다. 영역 배출로 인한 XCH4 변동을 도메인 경계('백그라운드' 농도)를 통한 점원 배출 또는 유입으로 인한 변동과 분리하기 위해 계층적 접근 방식이 사용됩니다. 점원 배출량은 개별적으로 결정되며 ('MethaneAIR L4 Point Sources' 데이터 세트 참고) 관측된 XCH4에서 사전 차감됩니다. 그런 다음 역 모델을 사용하여 경계 도메인 전체의 XCH4 유입을 추정합니다. 마지막으로 면적 배출량은 음수가 아닌 해가 적용된 지리 통계 역모델을 사용하여 추정됩니다. 총 배출량은 면적 배출량과 점원 배출량의 합계입니다.
이 데이터 세트는 2021년 7월 30일과 2023년 10월 13일 사이에 항공편에서 측정한 MethaneAIR 측정값을 사용하여 생성되었습니다. MethaneAIR는 Environmental Defense Fund의 전액 출자 자회사인 MethaneSAT LLC가 관리하는 MethaneSAT 위성 임무의 항공 전구체입니다. 메탄 배출량은 MethaneAIR 데이터의 높은 공간 해상도, 넓은 공간 범위, 높은 정밀도를 활용하는 데 특화된 지리 통계 역모델링 프레임워크를 사용하여 생성되었습니다. 일부 데이터 제품은 일부 항공편에서 사용할 수 없습니다.
Chulakadabba, A., Sargent, M., Lauvaux, T., Benmergui, J. S., Franklin, J.
E., Chan Miller, C., Wilzewski, J. S., Roche, S., Conway, E., Souri, A. H.,
Sun, K., Luo, B., Hawthrone, J., Samra, J., Daube, B. C., Liu, X., Chance,
K., 리, Y., Gautam, R., Omara, M., Rutherford, J. S., Sherwin, E. D.,
Brandt, A., Wofsy, S. C. 2023. MethaneAIR를 사용한 메탄 점원 정량화: 새로운 항공 이미징 분광계, Atmos. 측정 Tech., 16,
5771~5785.
doi:10.5194/amt-16-5771-2023,
영역 배출 모델은 아직 개발 중이며 최종 제품을 나타내지 않습니다. 이 데이터 세트는 미국 전역의 석유 및 가스 생산 지역에 초점을 맞춘 MethaneAIR 항공편의 측정을 사용하여 공간적으로 분리된 메탄 배출량 플럭스 (kg/hr)를 제공합니다. 설문조사 지역의 총 배출량은 다음을 합산하여 구합니다.
[null,null,[],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis dataset presents spatially disaggregated methane emission fluxes (kg/hr) derived from MethaneAIR flights over oil and gas production areas in the United States, with total emissions calculated by summing pixel values.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe dataset utilizes a geostatistical inverse model framework and atmospheric transport modeling to estimate methane emissions, differentiating between area, point, and background sources.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Environmental Defense Fund, this dataset, covering July 2021 to October 2023, represents a preliminary area emissions model and is not a final product.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eUsers can access and analyze this data through Google Earth Engine, with further information available on the MethaneSAT website and relevant publications.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe data is subject to MethaneSAT's Content License Terms of Use and includes bands for methane flux and image properties like flight ID, basin, and total emissions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# MethaneAIR L4 Area Sources v1\n\nDataset Availability\n: 2021-07-30T00:00:00Z--2023-10-13T00:00:00Z\n\nDataset Provider\n:\n\n\n [Environmental Defense Fund - MethaneSAT](https://methanesat.org)\n\nTags\n:\n[atmosphere](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/atmosphere) [climate](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/climate) [edf](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/edf) [emissions](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/emissions) [ghg](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/ghg) [methane](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/methane) [methaneair](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/methaneair) [methanesat](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/methanesat) \n\n#### Description\n\n**The area emissions model is still in development and not representative of\na final product.**\n\nThis dataset provides spatially disaggregated methane emission fluxes\n(kg/hr) using measurements from MethaneAIR flights focused on oil and gas\nproducing regions throughout the United States. Total emissions for the\nsurvey area are obtained by summing the pixel values.\n\nMethane is a potent greenhouse gas that has more than 80 times the warming power\nof carbon dioxide over the first 20 years after it reaches the atmosphere. At\nleast 30% of today's global warming is driven by methane from human actions.\nCutting methane emissions associated with human activities - including avoidable\nemissions from oil and gas operations, agriculture, and waste management - is\nthe single fastest way to slow the rate of global warming.\n\nArea emissions are estimated from observed XCH4 using a geostatistical inverse\nmodel framework (see [\"MethaneAIR L4 Area Sources\"](/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/EDF_MethaneSAT_MethaneAIR_L4area) dataset). An atmospheric transport model -\nthe Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model, \"STILT\";\n[Lin et al. (2003)](https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003161),\n[Fasoli et al. (2018)](https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2813-2018); driven by\nmeteorological data from the NOAA High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Model \"HRRR\" -\nis used to link variations in observed XCH4 to potential upwind sources. A\nhierarchical approach is used to separate XCH4 variations due to area emissions\nfrom those due to point source emissions or inflow across the domain boundary\n(the \"background\" concentration). Point source emissions are determined\nindividually (see [\"MethaneAIR L4 Point Sources\"](/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/EDF_MethaneSAT_MethaneAIR_L4point) dataset) and pre-subtracted from the observed XCH4. An inverse model is then\nused to estimate XCH4 inflow across the boundary domain. Finally, area emissions\nare estimated using a geostatistical inverse model with an enforced non-negative solution. Total emissions are the sum of area and point source emissions.\n\nThis dataset was generated using MethaneAIR measurements taken on flights\nbetween 30 July 2021 and 13 October 2023. MethaneAIR is an airborne precursor of\nthe MethaneSAT satellite mission, managed by [MethaneSAT LLC](https://www.methanesat.org/),\na wholly owned subsidiary of Environmental Defense Fund. The methane emission fluxes were produced using a geostatistical inverse\nmodeling framework specialized to exploit the high spatial resolution, wide\nspatial coverage, and high precision of MethaneAIR data. Not all data\nproducts are available for all flights.\n\nFor additional information about the MethaneAIR instrument, instrument\ncalibration and emission detections, please refer to recent publications by\n[Loughner et al. (2021)](https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-20-0158.1),\n[Staebell et al. (2021)](https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3737-2021),\n[Conway et al. (2023)](https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-111),\n[Chulakadabba et al. (2023)](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-822),\n[Abbadi et al. (2023)](https://doi.org/10.31223/X51D4C),\n[Omara et al. (2023)](https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3761-2023),\nand [Miller et al. (2023)](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1962).\n\nContact the data provider for more information about the project at this\nlink: \u003chttps://www.methanesat.org/contact/\u003e\n\n### Bands\n\n**Bands**\n\n| Name | Units | Min | Max | Pixel Size | Description |\n|--------|------------|-----|--------|-------------|-----------------------------------------------|\n| `flux` | kg/h/km\\^2 | 0\\* | 28.3\\* | 1000 meters | Methane emissions traceable to a 1km\\^2 area. |\n\n\\* estimated min or max value\n\n### Image Properties\n\n**Image Properties**\n\n| Name | Type | Description |\n|-------------------------|--------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| flight_id | STRING | Research flight number. |\n| basin | STRING | Oil and Gas basin (e.g. Permian) or area of interest (e.g. New York City). |\n| time_coverage_start | STRING | Data collection start time in YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ format STRING (ISO 8601). |\n| time_coverage_end | STRING | Data collection end time in YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ format STRING (ISO 8601). |\n| processing_id | STRING | (internal) Processing run identifier that represents the calculations that led to the features. It is not an attribute describing the flight, but the processing pipeline. |\n| area_source_total_kg_hr | INT | Total value of area emissions for this flight in kg/hr. Missing values are indicated by -1. |\n\n### Terms of Use\n\n**Terms of Use**\n\nUse of this data is subject to [MethaneSAT's Content License Terms of\nUse](https://www.methanesat.org/sites/default/files/2025-02/MethaneSAT%20-%20Content%20License%20Terms%20of%20Use%20%28Revised%202-12-2025%29%5B25%5D.pdf).\n\n### Citations\n\nCitations:\n\n- Chulakadabba, A., Sargent, M., Lauvaux, T., Benmergui, J. S., Franklin, J.\n E., Chan Miller, C., Wilzewski, J. S., Roche, S., Conway, E., Souri, A. H.,\n Sun, K., Luo, B., Hawthrone, J., Samra, J., Daube, B. C., Liu, X., Chance,\n K., Li, Y., Gautam, R., Omara, M., Rutherford, J. S., Sherwin, E. D.,\n Brandt, A., and Wofsy, S. C. 2023. Methane point source quantification using\n MethaneAIR: a new airborne imaging spectrometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16,\n 5771-5785.\n [doi:10.5194/amt-16-5771-2023](https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5771-2023),\n\n### Explore with Earth Engine\n\n| **Important:** Earth Engine is a platform for petabyte-scale scientific analysis and visualization of geospatial datasets, both for public benefit and for business and government users. Earth Engine is free to use for research, education, and nonprofit use. To get started, please [register for Earth Engine access.](https://console.cloud.google.com/earth-engine)\n\n### Code Editor (JavaScript)\n\n```javascript\nvar dataset = ee.ImageCollection(\"EDF/MethaneSAT/MethaneAIR/L4area\");\n\nvar fluxVisParams = {\n min: 0,\n max: 18,\n palette: ['#070088','#a3069b','#cc4e64','#ffa826','#edfb59'],\n};\n\n// Center on one of the available areas of interests.\nMap.setCenter(-102.5, 31.85, 8);\nMap.addLayer(dataset, fluxVisParams, 'Methane area sources flux');\n```\n[Open in Code Editor](https://code.earthengine.google.com/?scriptPath=Examples:Datasets/EDF/EDF_MethaneSAT_MethaneAIR_L4area) \n[MethaneAIR L4 Area Sources v1](/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/EDF_MethaneSAT_MethaneAIR_L4area) \nThe area emissions model is still in development and not representative of a final product. This dataset provides spatially disaggregated methane emission fluxes (kg/hr) using measurements from MethaneAIR flights focused on oil and gas producing regions throughout the United States. Total emissions for the survey area are obtained by summing ... \nEDF/MethaneSAT/MethaneAIR/L4area, atmosphere,climate,edf,emissions,ghg,methane,methaneair,methanesat \n2021-07-30T00:00:00Z/2023-10-13T00:00:00Z \n27.8 -112.56 43.14 -73.45 \nGoogle Earth Engine \nhttps://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets\n\n- [](https://doi.org/https://methanesat.org)\n- [](https://doi.org/https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/EDF_MethaneSAT_MethaneAIR_L4area)"]]
