Quadtree
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Halaman ini menjelaskan utilitas quadtree yang tersedia di
library utilitas
untuk Maps SDK for iOS.
Quadtree adalah struktur data yang berguna untuk menemukan titik di dekat satu
lokasi tertentu, dengan menelusuri di dalam area di sekitar lokasi menarik.
Menggunakan {i>empattree<i}, Anda dapat mencari
titik dalam rentang 2D secara efisien,
di mana titik-titik tersebut didefinisikan sebagai koordinat lat/lng atau sebagai kartesius (x, y)
pada koordinat tertentu. quadtree menyimpan bucket koordinat dalam node, dan indeks
menurut wilayah (kotak pembatas). Untuk menemukan pasangan koordinat tertentu, Anda harus melintasi
melalui {i>node<i} quadtree.
Prasyarat dan catatan
Utilitas quadtree adalah bagian dari
Maps SDK for iOS
Library Utilitas. Jika Anda belum menyiapkan library, ikuti panduan penyiapan sebelum membaca bagian lainnya dari halaman ini.
Menambahkan quadtree dan menelusuri titik di area tertentu
Kode berikut membuat quadtree, kemudian menelusuri semua titik di dalam
area tertentu:
Swift
import GoogleMapsUtils
class QuadTreeItem : NSObject, GQTPointQuadTreeItem {
private let gqtPoint : GQTPoint
init(point : GQTPoint) {
self.gqtPoint = point
}
func point() -> GQTPoint {
return gqtPoint
}
/// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtree
private func test() {
// Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].
let bounds = GQTBounds(minX: -2, minY: -2, maxX: 2, maxY: 2)
guard let tree = GQTPointQuadTree(bounds: bounds) else {
return
}
// Add 4 points to the tree.
tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: -1)))
tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: -1)))
tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: 1)))
tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: 1, y: 1)))
tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: 1, y: -1)))
// Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)
// and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).
let searchBounds = GQTBounds(minX: -1.5, minY: -1.5, maxX: 1.5, maxY: 1.5)
for item in tree.search(with: searchBounds) as! [QuadTreeItem] {
print("(\(item.point().x), \(item.point().y))");
}
}
}
Objective-C
@import GoogleMapsUtils;
@interface QuadTreeItem : NSObject<GQTPointQuadTreeItem>
- (instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point;
@end
@implementation QuadTreeItem {
GQTPoint _point;
}
- (instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point {
if ((self = [super init])) {
_point = point;
}
return self;
}
- (GQTPoint)point {
return _point;
}
/// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtree
- (void)test {
// Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].
GQTBounds bounds = {-2, -2, 2, 2};
GQTPointQuadTree *tree = [[GQTPointQuadTree alloc] initWithBounds:bounds];
// Add 4 points to the tree.
[tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1, -1}]];
[tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1, 1}]];
[tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1, 1}]];
[tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1, -1}]];
// Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)
// and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).
NSArray *foundItems = [tree searchWithBounds:(GQTBounds){-1.5, -1.5, 1.5, 1.5}];
for (QuadTreeItem *item in foundItems) {
NSLog(@"(%lf, %lf)", item.point.x, item.point.y);
}
}
@end
Kecuali dinyatakan lain, konten di halaman ini dilisensikan berdasarkan Lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0, sedangkan contoh kode dilisensikan berdasarkan Lisensi Apache 2.0. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Kebijakan Situs Google Developers. Java adalah merek dagang terdaftar dari Oracle dan/atau afiliasinya.
Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-07-26 UTC.
[null,null,["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-07-26 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis page explains the quadtree utility within the Maps SDK for iOS Utility Library, a data structure for efficiently finding nearby points.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eQuadtrees enable searching for points within a 2D range using latitude/longitude or cartesian coordinates by indexing them by region.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo use the quadtree, you must first set up the Maps SDK for iOS Utility Library as a prerequisite.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCode examples are provided to demonstrate creating a quadtree, adding points, and searching for points within a specified area in both Swift and Objective-C.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["This page describes the quadtree utility that's available in the\n[utility library\nfor the Maps SDK for iOS](https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-ios-utils).\n\nA quadtree is a data structure that's useful for finding points near a single\npoint, by searching inside an area surrounding the point of interest.\n\nUsing a quadtree, you can search efficiently for points within a 2D range,\nwhere those points are defined as lat/lng coordinates or as cartesian (x, y)\ncoordinates. The quadtree stores buckets of coordinates in nodes, and indexes\nthem by region (bounding box). To find a given coordinate pair, you traverse\nthrough the nodes of the quadtree.\n\nPrerequisites and notes\n\nThe quadtree utility is part of the\n[Maps SDK for iOS\nUtility Library](https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-ios-utils). If you haven't yet set up the library,\nfollow the [setup guide](/maps/documentation/ios-sdk/utility/setup)\nbefore reading the rest of this page.\n\nAdding a quadtree and search for points in a given area\n\nThe following code creates a quadtree, then searches for all points within\na given area: \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\nimport GoogleMapsUtils\n\nclass QuadTreeItem : NSObject, GQTPointQuadTreeItem {\n private let gqtPoint : GQTPoint\n\n init(point : GQTPoint) {\n self.gqtPoint = point\n }\n\n func point() -\u003e GQTPoint {\n return gqtPoint\n }\n\n /// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtree\n private func test() {\n\n // Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].\n let bounds = GQTBounds(minX: -2, minY: -2, maxX: 2, maxY: 2)\n guard let tree = GQTPointQuadTree(bounds: bounds) else {\n return\n }\n\n // Add 4 points to the tree.\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: -1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: -1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: 1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: 1, y: 1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: 1, y: -1)))\n\n // Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)\n // and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).\n let searchBounds = GQTBounds(minX: -1.5, minY: -1.5, maxX: 1.5, maxY: 1.5)\n for item in tree.search(with: searchBounds) as! [QuadTreeItem] {\n print(\"(\\(item.point().x), \\(item.point().y))\");\n }\n }\n}\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n@import GoogleMapsUtils;\n\n@interface QuadTreeItem : NSObject\u003cGQTPointQuadTreeItem\u003e\n- (instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point;\n@end\n\n@implementation QuadTreeItem {\n GQTPoint _point;\n}\n\n- (instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point {\n if ((self = [super init])) {\n _point = point;\n }\n return self;\n}\n\n- (GQTPoint)point {\n return _point;\n}\n\n/// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtree\n- (void)test {\n // Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].\n GQTBounds bounds = {-2, -2, 2, 2};\n GQTPointQuadTree *tree = [[GQTPointQuadTree alloc] initWithBounds:bounds];\n\n // Add 4 points to the tree.\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1, -1}]];\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1, 1}]];\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1, 1}]];\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1, -1}]];\n\n // Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)\n // and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).\n NSArray *foundItems = [tree searchWithBounds:(GQTBounds){-1.5, -1.5, 1.5, 1.5}];\n\n for (QuadTreeItem *item in foundItems) {\n NSLog(@\"(%lf, %lf)\", item.point.x, item.point.y);\n }\n}\n\n@end\n \n```"]]