Quadtree
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Esta página descreve o utilitário quadtree, disponível no
biblioteca de utilitários
SDK do Maps para iOS.
Um quadtree é uma estrutura de dados útil para encontrar pontos próximos de uma única
, pesquisando dentro da área ao redor do ponto de interesse.
Com um quadtree, é possível pesquisar com eficiência pontos em um intervalo 2D.
em que esses pontos são definidos como coordenadas de latitude/longitude ou cartesianos (x, y)
coordenadas. O quadtree armazena buckets de coordenadas em nós e índices
por região (caixa delimitadora). Para encontrar um determinado par de coordenadas, você percorre
pelos nós do quadtree.
Pré-requisitos e observações
O utilitário quadtree faz parte do
SDK do Maps para iOS
Biblioteca de utilitários Se você ainda não configurou a biblioteca, siga o guia antes de ler o restante desta página.
Adicionar um quadtree e pesquisar pontos em uma determinada área
O código a seguir cria um quadtree e procura todos os pontos em
em uma determinada área:
Swift
import GoogleMapsUtils
class QuadTreeItem : NSObject, GQTPointQuadTreeItem {
private let gqtPoint : GQTPoint
init(point : GQTPoint) {
self.gqtPoint = point
}
func point() -> GQTPoint {
return gqtPoint
}
/// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtree
private func test() {
// Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].
let bounds = GQTBounds(minX: -2, minY: -2, maxX: 2, maxY: 2)
guard let tree = GQTPointQuadTree(bounds: bounds) else {
return
}
// Add 4 points to the tree.
tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: -1)))
tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: -1)))
tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: 1)))
tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: 1, y: 1)))
tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: 1, y: -1)))
// Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)
// and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).
let searchBounds = GQTBounds(minX: -1.5, minY: -1.5, maxX: 1.5, maxY: 1.5)
for item in tree.search(with: searchBounds) as! [QuadTreeItem] {
print("(\(item.point().x), \(item.point().y))");
}
}
}
Objective-C
@import GoogleMapsUtils;
@interface QuadTreeItem : NSObject<GQTPointQuadTreeItem>
- (instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point;
@end
@implementation QuadTreeItem {
GQTPoint _point;
}
- (instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point {
if ((self = [super init])) {
_point = point;
}
return self;
}
- (GQTPoint)point {
return _point;
}
/// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtree
- (void)test {
// Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].
GQTBounds bounds = {-2, -2, 2, 2};
GQTPointQuadTree *tree = [[GQTPointQuadTree alloc] initWithBounds:bounds];
// Add 4 points to the tree.
[tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1, -1}]];
[tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1, 1}]];
[tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1, 1}]];
[tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1, -1}]];
// Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)
// and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).
NSArray *foundItems = [tree searchWithBounds:(GQTBounds){-1.5, -1.5, 1.5, 1.5}];
for (QuadTreeItem *item in foundItems) {
NSLog(@"(%lf, %lf)", item.point.x, item.point.y);
}
}
@end
Exceto em caso de indicação contrária, o conteúdo desta página é licenciado de acordo com a Licença de atribuição 4.0 do Creative Commons, e as amostras de código são licenciadas de acordo com a Licença Apache 2.0. Para mais detalhes, consulte as políticas do site do Google Developers. Java é uma marca registrada da Oracle e/ou afiliadas.
Última atualização 2025-07-26 UTC.
[null,null,["Última atualização 2025-07-26 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis page explains the quadtree utility within the Maps SDK for iOS Utility Library, a data structure for efficiently finding nearby points.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eQuadtrees enable searching for points within a 2D range using latitude/longitude or cartesian coordinates by indexing them by region.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo use the quadtree, you must first set up the Maps SDK for iOS Utility Library as a prerequisite.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCode examples are provided to demonstrate creating a quadtree, adding points, and searching for points within a specified area in both Swift and Objective-C.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["This page describes the quadtree utility that's available in the\n[utility library\nfor the Maps SDK for iOS](https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-ios-utils).\n\nA quadtree is a data structure that's useful for finding points near a single\npoint, by searching inside an area surrounding the point of interest.\n\nUsing a quadtree, you can search efficiently for points within a 2D range,\nwhere those points are defined as lat/lng coordinates or as cartesian (x, y)\ncoordinates. The quadtree stores buckets of coordinates in nodes, and indexes\nthem by region (bounding box). To find a given coordinate pair, you traverse\nthrough the nodes of the quadtree.\n\nPrerequisites and notes\n\nThe quadtree utility is part of the\n[Maps SDK for iOS\nUtility Library](https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-ios-utils). If you haven't yet set up the library,\nfollow the [setup guide](/maps/documentation/ios-sdk/utility/setup)\nbefore reading the rest of this page.\n\nAdding a quadtree and search for points in a given area\n\nThe following code creates a quadtree, then searches for all points within\na given area: \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\nimport GoogleMapsUtils\n\nclass QuadTreeItem : NSObject, GQTPointQuadTreeItem {\n private let gqtPoint : GQTPoint\n\n init(point : GQTPoint) {\n self.gqtPoint = point\n }\n\n func point() -\u003e GQTPoint {\n return gqtPoint\n }\n\n /// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtree\n private func test() {\n\n // Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].\n let bounds = GQTBounds(minX: -2, minY: -2, maxX: 2, maxY: 2)\n guard let tree = GQTPointQuadTree(bounds: bounds) else {\n return\n }\n\n // Add 4 points to the tree.\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: -1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: -1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: 1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: 1, y: 1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: 1, y: -1)))\n\n // Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)\n // and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).\n let searchBounds = GQTBounds(minX: -1.5, minY: -1.5, maxX: 1.5, maxY: 1.5)\n for item in tree.search(with: searchBounds) as! [QuadTreeItem] {\n print(\"(\\(item.point().x), \\(item.point().y))\");\n }\n }\n}\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n@import GoogleMapsUtils;\n\n@interface QuadTreeItem : NSObject\u003cGQTPointQuadTreeItem\u003e\n- (instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point;\n@end\n\n@implementation QuadTreeItem {\n GQTPoint _point;\n}\n\n- (instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point {\n if ((self = [super init])) {\n _point = point;\n }\n return self;\n}\n\n- (GQTPoint)point {\n return _point;\n}\n\n/// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtree\n- (void)test {\n // Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].\n GQTBounds bounds = {-2, -2, 2, 2};\n GQTPointQuadTree *tree = [[GQTPointQuadTree alloc] initWithBounds:bounds];\n\n // Add 4 points to the tree.\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1, -1}]];\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1, 1}]];\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1, 1}]];\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1, -1}]];\n\n // Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)\n // and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).\n NSArray *foundItems = [tree searchWithBounds:(GQTBounds){-1.5, -1.5, 1.5, 1.5}];\n\n for (QuadTreeItem *item in foundItems) {\n NSLog(@\"(%lf, %lf)\", item.point.x, item.point.y);\n }\n}\n\n@end\n \n```"]]