Maps JavaScript API 提供了两种不同的地图实现方式:光栅和矢量。光栅地图默认加载,并将地图加载为基于像素的光栅图像图块网格,这些图块由 Google Maps Platform 服务器端生成,然后提供给您的 Web 应用。矢量地图由基于矢量的图块组成,这些图块在加载时使用 WebGL(一种允许浏览器访问用户设备上的 GPU 以渲染 2D 和 3D 图形的 Web 技术)在客户端绘制。建议使用矢量地图类型,以获得最佳用户体验,因为该类型可提供更高的视觉保真度,并能够控制地图上的倾斜度和方向。
详细了解矢量地图功能。
通过指定 renderingType 地图选项或在关联的地图 ID 上设置相应选项,来设置地图的渲染类型。renderingType 选项会替换通过配置地图 ID 进行的任何渲染类型设置。
您还可以使用地图 ID 指定渲染类型。如需创建新的地图 ID,请按照使用云端地图样式设置 - 获取地图 ID 一文中的步骤操作。请务必将地图类型设置为 JavaScript,然后选择一个选项(矢量或光栅)。选中倾斜和旋转,以在地图上启用倾斜和旋转。这样一来,您便能以程序化方式调整这些值,还能让用户直接在地图上调整倾斜度和朝向。如果使用倾斜或朝向会对应用产生不利影响,则不要选中倾斜和旋转,这样用户就无法调整倾斜度和旋转度。
接下来,使用您创建的地图 ID 更新地图初始化代码。您可以在地图管理页面上找到地图 ID。在实例化地图时,请通过 mapId 属性提供地图 ID,如下所示:
[null,null,["最后更新时间 (UTC):2025-08-27。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eThe Maps JavaScript API offers two map types: raster (default) and vector (recommended for enhanced user experience with tilt and heading control).\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can set the rendering type using the \u003ccode\u003erenderingType\u003c/code\u003e map option or by associating a map ID with specific rendering settings.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eVector maps provide better visual quality and allow for tilt and heading manipulation, requiring enabling specific interactions for these features.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eMap IDs offer pre-configured rendering types and can be created and managed through the Cloud console, enabling customization without code changes.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eUsing a map ID and API key from the same Google Cloud project is recommended for optimal integration and management.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Rendering type (raster and vector)\n\nThe Maps JavaScript API offers two different implementations of the map: raster\nand vector. The raster map is loaded by default, and loads the map as a grid of\npixel-based raster image tiles, which are generated by Google Maps Platform\nserver-side, then served to your web app. The vector map is a composed of\nvector-based tiles, which are drawn at load time on the client-side using\nWebGL, a web technology that allows the browser to access the GPU on the user's\ndevice to render 2D and 3D graphics. The vector map type is recommended for the\nbest user experience, as it provides improved visual fidelity as well as the\nability to control tilt and heading on the map.\n[Learn more about vector map features.](/maps/documentation/javascript/vector-map)\n\nSet the rendering type for a map either by specifying the `renderingType` map\noption, or by setting the option on an associated map ID. The `renderingType`\noption overrides any rendering type settings made by configuring a map ID.\n\nSpecify the `renderingType` option\n----------------------------------\n\nUse the `renderingType` option to specify either the raster or vector\nrendering type for your map (no map ID required). For maps loaded using a `div`\nelement and JavaScript, the default rendering type is\n`google.maps.RenderingType.RASTER`. Take these steps to set the `renderingType`\noption:\n\n1. Load the `RenderingType` library; this can be done when loading the Maps\n library:\n\n const { Map, RenderingType } = await google.maps.importLibrary(\"maps\");\n\n2. When initializing the map, use the `renderingType` option to specify either\n `RenderingType.VECTOR` or `RenderingType.RASTER`:\n\n map = new Map(\n document.getElementById('map'),\n {\n zoom: 4,\n center: position,\n renderingType: RenderingType.VECTOR,\n }\n );\n\nWhen the vector map rendering type is set, you must set the options for the\nneeded features.\n\n- To enable tilt, set the `tiltInteractionEnabled` map option to `true` or call `map.setTiltInteractionEnabled(true)`.\n- To enable panning, set the `headingInteractionEnabled` map option to `true` or call `map.setHeadingInteractionEnabled(true)`.\n\nFor maps loaded using the `\u003cgmp-map\u003e` element, the default rendering type is\n`google.maps.RenderingType.VECTOR`, with tilt and heading control enabled. To\nset the rendering type by using the `\u003cgmp-map\u003e` element, use the\n`rendering-type` attribute.\n\nUse a map ID to set rendering type\n----------------------------------\n\nYou can also specify the rendering type by using a map ID. To create a new map\nID, follow the steps in [Using Cloud-based Map Styling - Get a map ID](/maps/documentation/javascript/styling#creating-map-ids).\nBe sure to set the Map type to **JavaScript** , and select an option (**Vector**\nor **Raster** ). Check **Tilt** and **Rotation** to enable tilt and rotation\non the map. Doing so will allow you to programmatically adjust these values, and\nalso lets users adjust tilt and heading directly on the map. If the use of tilt\nor heading will adversely affect your app, leave **Tilt** and **Rotation** un-\nchecked so users will not be able to adjust tilt and rotation.\n\nNext, update your map initialization code with the map ID you created. You can\nfind your map IDs on the\n[Maps\nManagement](https://console.cloud.google.com/google/maps-apis/studio/maps) page. Provide a map ID when you instantiate the map using the\n`mapId` property as shown here: \n\n```javascript\nmap = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {\n center: {lat: -34.397, lng: 150.644},\n zoom: 8,\n mapId: '\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMAP_ID\u003c/var\u003e'\n});\n```\n| **Important:** It is recommended to associate your map ID and API key with the same Google Cloud console project."]]