课程信息（Course 和 CourseInstance）结构化数据
您可以使用课程信息结构化数据向 Google 说明您的课程，帮助用户找到您的课程内容。如果您提供有关课程的更多详细信息（例如评价者评分、定价和课程详情），Google 可以更好地了解您的课程，并通过课程信息富媒体搜索结果向用户提供丰富的体验。
以下介绍两项课程富媒体搜索结果功能，它们使用了相同的 schema.org Course 类型。如果您的网站提供课程相关信息，您便可以按照以下两个实现指南来使用这两项功能：
功能可用性
在所有可以使用 Google 搜索的区域，课程信息富媒体搜索结果均以英语提供。我们希望将来能支持更多非英语课程。
How to add structured data
Structured data is a standardized format for providing information about a page and classifying the page content. If you're new to structured data, you can learn more about how structured data works.
Here's an overview of how to build, test, and release structured data.
- Add the required properties. Based on the format you're using, learn where to insert structured data on the page.
- Follow the guidelines.
- Validate your code using the Rich Results Test and fix any critical errors. Consider also fixing any non-critical issues that may be flagged in the tool, as they can help improve the quality of your structured data (however, this isn't necessary to be eligible for rich results).
- Deploy a few pages that include your structured data and use the URL Inspection tool to test how Google sees the page. Be sure that your page is
accessible to Google and not blocked by a robots.txt file, the
noindextag, or login requirements. If the page looks okay, you can ask Google to recrawl your URLs. - To keep Google informed of future changes, we recommend that you submit a sitemap. You can automate this with the Search Console Sitemap API.
示例
下面是单个课程信息页面的示例。
<html>
<head>
<title>Introduction to Computer Science and Programming</title>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "https://schema.org/",
"@id": "https://www.example.com/advancedCpp",
"@type": "Course",
"name": "Learn Advanced C++ Topics",
"description": "Improve your C++ skills by learning advanced topics.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "CourseWebsite",
"url": "www.examplecoursewebsite.com"
},
"provider": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Example University",
"url": "www.example.com"
},
"image": [
"https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
"https://example.com/photos/4x3/photo.jpg",
"https://example.com/photos/16x9/photo.jpg"
],
"aggregateRating": {
"@type": "AggregateRating",
"ratingValue": 4,
"ratingCount": 1234,
"reviewCount": 450
},
"offers": [{
"@type": "Offer",
"category": "Paid",
"priceCurrency": "EUR",
"price": 10.99
}],
"totalHistoricalEnrollment": 12345,
"datePublished": "2024-03-21",
"educationalLevel": "Advanced",
"about": ["C++ Coding", "Backend Engineering"],
"teaches": ["Practice and apply systems thinking to plan for change",
"Understand how memory allocation works."],
"financialAidEligible": "Scholarship Available",
"inLanguage": "en",
"availableLanguage": ["fr", "es"],
"syllabusSections": [
{
"@type": "Syllabus",
"name": "Memory Allocation",
"description": "Learn how memory is allocated when creating C++ variables.",
"timeRequired": "PT6H"
},
{
"@type": "Syllabus",
"name": "C++ Pointers",
"description": "Learn what a C++ pointer is and when they are used.",
"timeRequired": "PT11H"
}
],
"review": [
{
"@type": "Review",
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Lou S."
},
"datePublished": "2024-08-31",
"reviewRating": {
"@type": "Rating",
"bestRating": 10,
"ratingValue": 6
}
}],
"coursePrerequisites": [
"Basic understanding of C++ up to arrays and functions.",
"https://www.example.com/beginnerCpp"
],
"educationalCredentialAwarded": [{
"@type": "EducationalOccupationalCredential",
"name": "CourseProvider Certificate",
"url": "www.example.com",
"credentialCategory": "Certificate",
// offers only needed if the credential costs extra money.
"offers": [{
"@type": "Offer",
"category": "Paid",
"price": 5,
"priceCurrency": "USD"
}]
}],
"video": {
"@type": "VideoObject",
"name": "Video name",
"description": "A video previewing this course.",
"uploadDate": "2024-03-28T08:00:00+08:00",
"contentUrl": "www.example.come/mp4",
"thumbnailUrl": "www.example.com/thumbnailurl.jpg"
},
"hasCourseInstance": [
{
// Blended, instructor-led course meeting 3 hours per day in July.
"@type": "CourseInstance",
"courseMode": "Blended",
"location": "Example University",
"courseSchedule": {
"@type": "Schedule",
"duration": "PT3H",
"repeatFrequency": "Daily",
"repeatCount": 31,
"startDate": "2024-07-01",
"endDate": "2024-07-31"
},
"instructor": [{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Ira D.",
"description": "Professor at X-University",
"image": "http://example.com/person.jpg"
}]
},
{
// Online self-paced course that takes 2 days to complete.
"@type": "CourseInstance",
"courseMode": "Online",
"courseWorkload": "P2D"
}],
// Only required for course programs that link to child courses.
"hasPart": [{
"@type": "Course",
"name": "C++ Algorithms",
"url": "https://www.example.com/cpp-algorithms",
"description": "Learn how to code base algorithms in c++.",
"provider": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Example University",
"url": "www.example.com"
}
}, {
"@type": "Course",
"name": "C++ Data Structures",
"url": "https://www.example.com/cpp-data-structures",
"description": "Learn about core c++ data structures.",
"provider": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Example University",
"url": "www.example.com"
}
}]
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>指南
您的课程必须遵循以下指南，才能符合条件在 Google 搜索中显示为课程信息富媒体搜索结果。
内容指南
只有符合下述课程定义的教育内容才可显示为课程信息富媒体搜索结果：围绕特定主题或话题展开，且包含讲座、课程或模块的课程系列或单元。
Course 标记必须位于提供完整的单个课程或课程计划的网页上。以下示例不符合显示为课程信息富媒体搜索结果的条件：
- 学位摘要页面
- 单独的考试页面
- 诸如“天文日”之类的一般公众活动
- 一个 2 分钟的“如何制作三明治”视频
结构化数据类型定义
若要使您的内容能够在 Google 搜索中显示为富媒体搜索结果，您必须为其添加必需属性 Course 和 CourseInstance。您还可添加建议属性，以便加入与内容相关的更多信息，进而提供更优质的用户体验。
Course
课程是单个课程单元，可以单独学习，也可以作为课程计划的一部分学习。
如需了解 Course 的完整定义，请访问 schema.org/Course。
| 必要属性 | |
|---|---|
name |
课程的完整标题。 "name": "Intro to Statistics" |
description |
课程的说明。
"description": "This course teaches the basics of statistical thinking." |
provider |
制作了课程内容的组织的相关信息。 "provider": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Example University", "url": "www.exampleuniversity.com" } |
provider.name |
Text
课程提供方的名称。 |
offers |
可重复的 学完课程所需的总价（包括服务费）的相关信息。不要列出仅适用于某些用户的价格（例如，初次使用的用户可享受八折优惠）。 请勿在此字段中包含额外的证书费用。如果获取证书需要额外付费，请将相应费用添加到 "offers": [{ "@type": "Offer", "category": "Paid", "priceCurrency": "EUR", "price": 10.99 }] |
offers.category |
Text
课程的定价类别。请使用以下某个值：
|
hasCourseInstance |
可重复的 每门课程都必须至少有一个课程实例，其中详细说明课程内容。请查看 "hasCourseInstance": [{ // Onsite, instructor-led class meeting weekly in August 2023 "@type": "CourseInstance", "courseMode": "Onsite", "location": "Example University", "courseSchedule": { "@type": "Schedule", "duration": "PT5H", "repeatCount": 4, "repeatFrequency": "Weekly", "startDate": "2023-08-01", "endDate": "2023-8-31" }, "instructor": [{ "@type": "Person", "name": "Kai S.", "description": "Professor at X-University", "image": "http://examplePerson.jpg" }] }] |
| 建议属性 | |
|---|---|
about |
可重复的 描述用户在学习课程后将会掌握的技能（如果适用）。 "about": ["Quantitative Analysis", "Critical Thinking"] |
aggregateRating |
课程平均评分的相关信息，根据学过该课程的用户给出的评分得出（如果适用）。请遵循评价摘要指南以及必需和建议的 "aggregateRating": { "@type": "AggregateRating", "ratingValue": 4.8, "ratingCount": 255, "reviewCount": 189 } |
availableLanguage |
可重复的 课程提供的字幕或其他语言版本（如果适用）。使用 ISO 639-1 alpha-2 代码列表中由两个字母组成的代码。 "availableLanguage": ["fr", "es", "de"] |
coursePrerequisites |
可重复的 课程所需的任何先前知识（如果适用）。这可以通过描述先前的知识和/或链接到其他课程来表示。 "coursePrerequisites": ["Understanding of Algebra concepts like variables and functions", "https://www.coursewebsite.abc/algebra"] |
datePublished |
课程首次发布的日期（如果适用）。请使用 8601 日期格式 (YYYY-MM-DD)。 "datePublished": "2019-03-21" |
educationalCredentialAwarded |
可重复的 用户学完课程后可获得的证书或凭证的相关信息（如果适用）。如果奖项需要额外付费，请指明额外价格。 "educationalCredentialAwarded": [{ "@type": "EducationalOccupationalCredential", "name": "CourseProvider Certificate", "url": "www.examplecertificate.com", "credentialCategory": "Certificate", "offers": [{ "@type": "Offer", "category": "Paid", "priceCurrency": "USD", "price": 5 }] }] |
educationalCredentialAwarded.credentialCategory |
Text
用户将获得的奖项类型（如果适用）。请使用以下某个值：
|
educationalCredentialAwarded.name |
Text
奖项的名称（如果适用）。 |
educationalCredentialAwarded.offers.category |
Text
奖项的定价类型（如果适用）。请使用以下某个类别：
|
educationalCredentialAwarded.offers.price |
Number
奖项的数值价格（如果适用）。 |
educationalCredentialAwarded.offers.priceCurrency |
Text
奖项价格的币种，采用 ISO 4217 货币格式（由 3 个字母组成的代码，如果适用）。 |
educationalCredentialAwarded.url |
URL
指向奖项页面的链接（如果适用）。 |
educationalLevel |
课程的目标教育水平（如果适用）。可以选择以下某个值。
"educationalLevel": "Beginner" |
financialAidEligible |
向想学习该课程的用户提供的任何奖学金、特殊付款方案或其他财务资助机会（如果适用）。 "financialAidEligible": "Scholarships available for eligible users." |
image |
可重复的 指向代表该课程的图片的网址（如果适用）。请使用与课程相关的图片，而不是徽标或图片说明。 其他的图片指南：
例如： "image": [ "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg", "https://example.com/photos/4x3/photo.jpg", "https://example.com/photos/16x9/photo.jpg" ] |
inLanguage |
课程使用的主要语言（如果适用）。使用 ISO 639-1 alpha-2 代码列表中由两个字母组成的代码。 "inLanguage": "en" |
offers.price |
Number
课程的数值价格（如果适用）。请勿在此字段中包含其他信息，例如货币符号。 |
offers.priceCurrency |
Text
课程价格的币种，采用 ISO 4217 货币格式（由 3 个字母组成的代码，如果适用）。 |
provider.url |
URL
链接到课程提供方首页的网址（如果适用）。 |
publisher |
发布和展示该课程的组织的相关信息（如果适用）。 "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Course Website", "url": "www.example.com" } |
publisher.name |
Text
课程发布方的名称（如果适用）。 |
publisher.url |
URL
链接到课程发布方首页的网址（如果适用）。 |
review |
可重复的 课程的用户评价列表（如果适用）。如需了解详情，请参阅评价摘要指南。 "review": [{ "@type": "Review", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Sasha J." }, "datePublished": "2021-09-22", "reviewRating": { "@type": "Rating", "ratingValue": 4 } }] |
syllabusSections |
可重复的 课程中不同模块的相关信息（如果适用）。 "syllabusSections": [{ "@type": "Syllabus", "name": "Algebra Review", "description": "Review prerequisite Algebra concepts.", "timeRequired": "PT2H30M" }, { "@type": "Syllabus", "name": "Statistics Terms", "description": "Learn the definitions of basic statistics terms.", "timeRequired": "PT5H" }] |
syllabusSections.description |
Text
模块内容的说明（如果适用）。 |
syllabusSections.name |
Text
课程模块的名称（如果适用）。 |
syllabusSections.timeRequired |
Duration
使用 8601 时长格式（如果适用）。例如， |
teaches |
可重复的 学习课程后用户将取得的学习成果或学到的特定知识（如果适用）。 "teaches": ["How to use visualization tools and graphs", "Why stats is important"] |
totalHistoricalEnrollment |
在整个课程有效期内注册的用户总数（如果适用）。 "totalHistoricalEnrollment": 80032 |
video |
课程的视频预览或预告片（如果适用）。如需了解详情，请参阅 "video": { "@type": "VideoObject", "name": "Video name", "description": "A video previewing this course.", "uploadDate": "2022-03-28T08:00:00+08:00", "contentUrl": "www.videourl.mp4", "thumbnailUrl": "www.thumbnailurl.jpg" } |
CourseInstance
如需了解 CourseInstance 的完整定义，请访问 schema.org/CourseInstance。每门课程都必须至少有一个 CourseInstance，并且必需的属性已填写。
| 必要属性 | |
|---|---|
courseMode |
用于提供课程的媒介。请使用以下某个值：
如果课程为 "courseMode": "Online" |
courseSchedule |
提供建议的进度，说明一般用户学完课程所需的时间。对于时间安排固定的课程，请添加开始日期和结束日期。 以下是一个可随时开始的按进度课程的示例： // This course takes 6 weeks to complete. "courseSchedule": { "@type": "Schedule", "repeatCount": 6 "repeatFrequency": "Weekly", } 以下是一个在设定期限内学习的按进度课程的示例： // This course expects 1 hour per day during July 2023 "courseSchedule": { "@type": "Schedule", "duration": "PT1H", "repeatCount": 31 "repeatFrequency": "Daily", "startDate": "2023-07-01", "endDate": "2023-07-31" } |
courseSchedule.repeatCount |
Integer
课程持续时长的数值，以 |
courseSchedule.repeatFrequency |
Text
|
courseWorkload |
Text
此字段表示看完所有视频以及完成课程的所有作业和考试所用的总时间。请使用 8601 时长格式。 "courseWorkload": "PT22H" |
| 建议属性 | |
|---|---|
courseSchedule.duration |
Duration
建议的进度：一般用户可预期花费的时间（以 请勿使用此属性指定课程的总长度。请改用 |
courseSchedule.endDate |
Date
课程的结束日期，采用 8601 日期格式 (YYYY-MM-DD)（如果适用）。 |
courseSchedule.startDate |
Date
课程的开始日期，采用 8601 日期格式 (YYYY-MM-DD)（如果适用）。 |
image |
URL
链接到教师图片的网址（如果适用）。 其他的图片指南：
例如： "image": [ "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg", "https://example.com/photos/4x3/photo.jpg", "https://example.com/photos/16x9/photo.jpg" ] |
instructor |
可重复的 授课教师的相关信息（如果适用）。 "instructor": [{ "@type": "Person", "name": "Dana A.", "description": "Professor at X-University", "image": "http://examplePerson.jpg" }] |
instructor.description |
Text
教师及其凭证的说明（如果适用）。 |
instructor.name |
Text
教师的姓名（如果适用）。 |
location |
课程的实际授课地点的名称和/或地址（如果适用）。 "courseMode": "Blended", "location": "Example High School" |
课程计划
课程计划是一系列子课程的合集。子课程必须是独立的课程，具有不同的网址和着陆页。
如果您的网页是课程计划，应添加以下必需属性；Course 和 CourseInstance 部分中所列的其他必需属性除外。
| 必要属性 | |
|---|---|
hasPart |
可重复的 此计划所含的子课程的列表。 "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "Course", "name": "Learning Pathway: Knitting", "url": "www.example.com/knitprogram" // Fill the other required Course and CourseInstance properties "hasPart": [{ "@type": "Course", "name": "Intro to Knitting", "url": "www.example.com/knitbasics", "description": "Learn the basics of how to knit." }, { "@type": "Course", "name": "Knit a Sweater", "url": "www.example.com/knitsweater", "description": "Learn to knit an entire sweater." }] |
hasPart.name |
Text
子课程的完整标题。 |
hasPart.url |
URL
链接到子课程着陆页的网址。 |
| 建议属性 | |
|---|---|
hasPart.description |
Text
对子课程所涵盖内容的简要说明（如果适用）。
|
使用 Search Console 监控富媒体搜索结果
Search Console 是一款工具，可帮助您监控网页在 Google 搜索结果中的显示效果。即使没有注册 Search Console，您的网页也可能会显示在 Google 搜索结果中，但注册 Search Console 能够帮助您了解 Google 如何查看您的网站并做出相应的改进。建议您在以下情况下查看 Search Console：
首次部署结构化数据后
等 Google 将网页编入索引后，请在相关的富媒体搜索结果状态报告中查看是否存在问题。 理想情况下，有效项目数量会增加，而无效项目数量不会增加。如果您发现结构化数据存在问题，请执行以下操作：
发布新模板或更新代码后
如果对网站进行重大更改，请监控结构化数据无效项目的增幅。- 如果您发现无效项目增多了，可能是因为您推出的某个新模板无法正常工作，或者您的网站以一种新的错误方式与现有模板交互。
- 如果您发现有效项目减少了（但无效项目的增加情况并不对应），可能是因为您的网页中未再嵌入结构化数据。请通过网址检查工具了解导致此问题的原因。
定期分析流量时
请使用效果报告分析您的 Google 搜索流量。数据将显示您的网页在 Google 搜索结果中显示为富媒体搜索结果的频率、用户点击该网页的频率以及网页在搜索结果中的平均排名。您还可以使用 Search Console API 自动提取这些结果。Troubleshooting
If you're having trouble implementing or debugging structured data, here are some resources that may help you.
- If you're using a content management system (CMS) or someone else is taking care of your site, ask them to help you. Make sure to forward any Search Console message that details the issue to them.
- Google does not guarantee that features that consume structured data will show up in search results. For a list of common reasons why Google may not show your content in a rich result, see the General Structured Data Guidelines.
- You might have an error in your structured data. Check the list of structured data errors and the Unparsable structured data report.
- If you received a structured data manual action against your page, the structured data on the page will be ignored (although the page can still appear in Google Search results). To fix structured data issues, use the Manual Actions report.
- Review the guidelines again to identify if your content isn't compliant with the guidelines. The problem can be caused by either spammy content or spammy markup usage. However, the issue may not be a syntax issue, and so the Rich Results Test won't be able to identify these issues.
- Troubleshoot missing rich results / drop in total rich results.
- Allow time for re-crawling and re-indexing. Remember that it may take several days after publishing a page for Google to find and crawl it. For general questions about crawling and indexing, check the Google Search crawling and indexing FAQ.
- Post a question in the Google Search Central forum.