为买家提供更完善的商品信息
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2021 年 2 月 26 日,星期五
Google 的使命是整理全球信息,而为买家和零售商整理商品信息是履行该使命的重要环节。去年,我们引入了若干新体验,使诸多品牌和零售商可以在 Google 上展示其商品,无论是通过商品知识面板在 Google 搜索中展示,还是在“购物”标签页中展示。
为了尽可能帮助用户在 Google 搜索中找到您的内容和商品,我们建议网站明确标识其中提及的商品。
在以下几个部分,我们为制造商、零售商和发布商提供了一些指南,可以帮助确保 Google 了解他们所销售或提及的商品。
Google 如何识别线上和线下商品
Google 依靠准确且值得信赖的商品数据来准确识别可供买家购买的商品。
我们建议您提供清晰的商品标识信息,因为这样可以帮助 Google 将优惠与商品进行匹配,以及将商品与相关搜索查询相匹配。您可以使用全球贸易项目代码 (GTIN™)、制造商部件号 (MPN) 等唯一商品标识码和品牌名称来帮助 Google 理解商品。使用商品标识码时,我们建议您遵循以下最佳做法:
- 唯一性:每个商品都应具有唯一标识符,该标识符可以在整个生态中一致且准确地分享,并可以同时在实体和数字商务领域中标识商品。
- 可验证性:商品的标识信息(例如制造商)和其他商品数据应可通过可信来源进行验证。这样,市场便可以通过全球注册机构(即发布和管理标识码的组织)验证商品数据的准确性和完整性。
- 覆盖全球:随着电子商务使全球各地的联系变得更加紧密,采用整个全球生态系统通用的标识系统将有助于各个国家/地区的利益相关方都能顺利使用商品标识信息。
Google 于 2015 年采用 GTIN 作为标准,以便零售商可以覆盖更多在线客户。
对于通过各种卖家和市场出售的商品,在 GS1 全球贸易项目代码 (GTIN) 系统中注册商品可获得国际普遍认可的标准标识码,该标识码可作为实体店和电子商务平台上商品的唯一标识信息。注册商品让消费者能够辨认商品的来源。
面向品牌和制造商的提示
品牌和制造商可以通过 Google Manufacturer Center 提交商品数据,并且在此过程中向 Google 分享商品信息用于唯一标识商品。下面这些提示可确保 Google 理解您所提供的数据:
- 确保商品具有 GTIN:您的商品必须具有唯一的 GTIN,才能使用 Manufacturer Center。如需了解如何为商品分配 GTIN,请访问您当地的 GS1 网站。
- 请勿重复使用商品标识码:请勿在多个商品之间共享 GTIN;单个商品应明确对应单个 GTIN。重复使用 GTIN 可能导致市场目录数据过期且不一致,引起混淆。如果从未经授权的来源获取商品标识码(例如,通过破产程序出售的标识码),您将面临基于先前注册的商品或公司为商品分配标识信息的风险。
- 定制商品应遵循相应的商品标识码最佳做法:在某些情况下(例如,手工商品、可定制商品或一次性商品),品牌可以采用专有方法,通过唯一的库存量单位 (SKU) 编号或 MPN 解决商品标识问题。对于制造商而言,关键是要兼顾唯一性、可验证性和覆盖全球的原则,确保能受益于使用商品标识码的优势。
面向零售商和第三方卖家的提示
零售商应确保在其网站上准确标识商品。除了关于 GTIN 的一般指南,Google 还建议:
- 提交优质商品数据:通过商品 Feed 向 Google 提交结构化数据,或向您的网站添加结构化数据标记。
- 尽可能提供 GTIN:销售具有 GTIN 的商品时,零售商必须提供 GTIN。GTIN 可以包含在商品 Feed 中,也可以包含在网页的结构化数据中。如果商品没有 GTIN,零售商和第三方卖家应使用品牌和制造商部件号标识商品。
- 使用有效且唯一的 GTIN:请勿将现有 GTIN 用于新商品。零售商不应该私自编造 GTIN,也不应在 GS1 中自己注册 GTIN,除非他们同时也是商品的制造商。
面向在线发布商的提示
发布商在创建内容(例如评价商品或分享给定商品的最近几笔交易)时,在这些评价中准确标识商品很重要。这样,用户在 Google 上搜索商品时,就能找到这些评价。Google 建议:
- 使用确切的商品名称:发布商在网页上提及商品时应使用商品的确切名称。这么做可以方便用户和搜索引擎准确理解所提及的是哪件商品。
- 使用结构化数据:我们建议在评价商品时添加结构化数据,包括 GTIN。这么做可以方便搜索引擎更好地理解何时在搜索结果中展示您的网页。
- 使用有效且唯一的 GTIN:请勿为了在内容中提供 GTIN 标识码,而私自编造 GTIN 或“借用”其他商品的 GTIN。
商品标识信息是商业活动中的重要信息,可以确保企业和消费者准确了解商品的来源和唯一身份。这也适用于网络和 Google 搜索,准确了解商品的信息有利于在正确的时间向正确的用户显示正确的商品。
如果您有任何疑问或意见,请访问搜索中心帮助论坛,或通过其他渠道与我们联系。
发布者:Google 购物的商品数据产品经理 Randy Rockinson
如未另行说明,那么本页面中的内容已根据知识共享署名 4.0 许可获得了许可,并且代码示例已根据 Apache 2.0 许可获得了许可。有关详情,请参阅 Google 开发者网站政策。Java 是 Oracle 和/或其关联公司的注册商标。
[null,null,[],[[["\u003cp\u003eGoogle uses product identifiers like GTINs, MPNs, and brand names to understand and organize product information, enabling users to find relevant products in search results.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eBrands and manufacturers should ensure their products have unique GTINs assigned and submitted through Google Manufacturer Center to enhance product visibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eRetailers and third-party sellers need to provide accurate product data, including GTINs when available, and use structured data markup for better search engine understanding.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eOnline publishers should clearly identify products in their content using exact names, structured data with GTINs, and avoid inventing or borrowing identifiers to improve product discoverability.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eAccurate product identification is crucial for both online and offline commerce, ensuring businesses and consumers have a clear understanding of product origin and identity, which ultimately helps Google Search connect users with the right products.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],["Google helps users find products online by ensuring accurate product identification. Manufacturers should use unique Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and avoid reusing identifiers. Retailers should submit high-quality product data, including GTINs, through structured data or product feeds. Publishers should use exact product names and structured data, including GTINs, to identify reviewed products. Accurate product identification, using systems like GTIN, MPNs, and brand names, is essential for businesses and consumers, and helps Google display the right products to the right users.\n"],null,["# Providing better product information for shoppers\n\nFriday, February 26, 2021\n\n\nGoogle's mission is to organize the world's information, and organizing product information for shoppers and retailers is an essential part of this mission. In the last year, we've introduced several new experiences that enable brands and retailers to list their products on Google, whether that's on [Google Search through a product knowledge panel](https://www.blog.google/products/shopping/bringing-free-retail-listings-google-search/) or on the [Shopping tab](https://blog.google/products/shopping/its-now-free-to-sell-on-google).\n\n\nTo best help users find your content and products in Search, we recommend that websites clearly identify products mentioned.\n\n\nIn the following sections we provide guidelines for manufacturers, retailers, and publishers on how to ensure that Google understands the products they are selling or referencing.\n\nHow Google identifies products online and offline\n-------------------------------------------------\n\n\nGoogle relies on accurate and trusted product data to precisely identify products that are available for shoppers.\n\n\nWe recommend providing clear product identification, as this helps Google to match offers to products, and to match products to relevant search queries. You can improve Google's understanding of products by using unique product identifiers like Global Trade Item Number (GTIN™), Manufacturer Part Numbers (MPNs), and brand names. When using product identifiers, we recommend that the identifiers follow these best practices:\n\n- **Uniqueness:** Each product should have a unique identifier that can consistently and accurately be shared across the ecosystem and identify a product in both the physical and digital worlds of commerce.\n- **Verifiability:** Identity of a product (for example, who is the manufacturer) and other product data should be verifiable through a trusted source. This allows marketplaces to verify that product data is accurate and complete through global registries, the organizations that issued and manage the identifiers.\n- **Global Reach:** With ecommerce making the world more connected, relying on an identification system that can be used across the ecosystem globally will help keep product identification seamless for stakeholders in all countries.\n\n\nGoogle [adopted use of GTINs as the standard in 2015](https://commerce.googleblog.com/2015/09/reach-more-customers-online-add-gtins.html) so that retailers could reach more customers online.\n\n\nFor products that are sold through a variety of sellers and marketplaces, registering products with the GS1 Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) System provides internationally recognized standard identifiers for unique identification of products both in physical stores and on e-commerce platforms. Registration makes it possible for consumers to identify the source of the product.\n\nTips for brands and manufacturers\n---------------------------------\n\n\nBrands and manufacturers can submit product data through [Google Manufacturer Center](https://www.google.com/retail/solutions/manufacturer-center/), and as part of this process, share the product information to uniquely identify the products to Google. Below are some tips to ensure that Google understands the data that you are providing:\n\n- **Ensure your products have GTINs:** Your products must have unique Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) to use Manufacturer Center. To learn how to assign GTINs to your products, visit the [GS1 website in your local region](https://www.gs1.org/standards/get-barcodes).\n- **Don't reuse product identifiers:** GTINs should never be shared across multiple products; a single product should map clearly to a single GTIN. Reuse of GTINs can cause marketplace catalog data to become out of date and inconsistent, creating confusion. By obtaining product identifiers from unauthorized sources (for example, identifiers sold through bankruptcy proceedings), you run the risk of establishing identity on the foundation of a previously registered product or company.\n- **Follow best practices for product identifiers for custom products:** In certain situations (for example, artisan products, customizable products, or one-off products), a brand can adopt a proprietary approach to solve product identity by managing its products with unique Stock Keeping Unit numbers (SKUs) or Manufacturer Part Numbers (MPNs). The key here is for manufacturers to incorporate the principles around uniqueness, verifiability and global reach to ensure the benefits of having product identifiers materialize.\n\nTips for retailers and 3rd-party sellers\n----------------------------------------\n\n\nRetailers should ensure accurate product identification on their websites. In addition to [general guidelines around GTIN](https://support.google.com/merchants/answer/160161), Google recommends:\n\n- **Submit high quality product data:** Submit structured data to Google [in a product feed](https://support.google.com/merchants/answer/9455788) or add [structured data markup](/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/product) to your website.\n- **Provide a GTIN, when GTINs exist:** Retailers must provide GTINs when they're selling products that have GTINs. The GTIN can be included in both the product feed as well as the page's structured data. If a product does not have a GTIN, retailers and 3rd-party sellers should rely on brand and manufacturer parts numbers to identify the product.\n- **Use valid and unique GTINs:** Don't reuse existing GTINs for a new product. Retailers should not invent GTINs and should not register their own GTINs with GS1, unless they are also the manufacturer of the product.\n\nTips for online publishers\n--------------------------\n\n\nWhen publishers create content, like reviewing products or sharing the latest deals for a given product, it's important that the products in those reviews be accurately identified. This allows users to find those reviews when searching for products on Google. Google recommends:\n\n- **Use exact product names:** Publishers should mention the exact name of the products that are mentioned on the page. This makes it easier for users, and search engines, to understand exactly which product is referenced.\n- **Use structured data:** We recommend adding [structured data](/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/product), including the GTIN, when reviewing products. This makes it easier for search engines to better understand when to show your pages in search.\n- **Use valid and unique GTINs:** GTINs should never be invented or \"borrowed\" from other products just to provide a GTIN identifier on the content.\n\n\nProduct identity is critical in commerce because it ensures that businesses and consumers accurately understand the origin and unique identity of a product. This also applies to the web and Google Search, where an accurate understanding of a product helps to show the right product to the right user at the right time.\n\n\nFor questions or comments, you can drop by our [Search Central help forums](https://support.google.com/webmasters/go/community), or contact us through [our other channels](/search/help).\nPosted by Randy Rockinson, Product Manager for Product Data, Google Shopping"]]